المعرفة

جائزة تورنگ

جائزة تورنگ (Turing Award)، هي جائزة سنوية تمنحها رابطة ميكنة الحوسبة من أجل الإسهامات "ذات الأهمية التقنية المتميزة والكبرى في مجال الحاسوب".[2] ومن المعترف بها عمومًا باعتباره أعلى تمييز في علوم الحاسوب وتُعرف أو يشار لها غالباً باسم "جائزة نوبل في الحوسبة".[3][4][5][6]

جائزة تورنگ
آلان تورنگ، الرياضياتي البريطاني الذي سُميت الجائزة باسمه.
قدمت منرابطة ميكنة الحوسبة (ACM)
البلدالولايات المتحدة
قيمة الجائزة1.000.000 دولار [1]
أول جائزة1966
آخر جائزة2020
الموقع الإلكترونيamturing.acm.org

سُميت الجائزة على اسم آلان تورنگ، الرياضياتي البريطاني والقارئ في الرياضياات في جامعة مانشستر. يعتبر تورنگ مؤسس رئيسي لعلم الحاسوب النظري والذكاء الاصطناعي.[7] من عام 2007 حتى 2013، يُمنح الفائز منحة مالية قيمتها 250.000 دولار أمريكي، كدعم مالي مقدم من إنتل وگوگل.[2] ومنذ 2014، يُمنح الفائز، بالإضافة للجائزة منحة مالية قيمتها 1 مليون دولار، كدعم مالي من گوگل.[1][8]

كان أول فائز بالجائزة عام 1966، آلان پرليس من جامعة كارنگي ملون، أما أول فائزة فكانت فرانسس ألن من آي بي إم عام 2006.[9]

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الفائزون

حائزو جائزة تورنگ
السنة الفائز صورة السبب المؤسسة التابعة
1966 ألان پرليس من أجل تأثيره في مجال تقنيات برمجة الحاسوب المتقدمة وبناء المُترجم[10][11] جامعة كارنگي ملون
1967 موريس ويلكس   Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the second computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with David Wheeler and Stanley Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced.[12][13] University of Cambridge
1968 رتشارد هامنگ For his work on numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and error-detecting and error-correcting codes[14][15] Bell Labs
1969 مارڤن منسكي   For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of artificial intelligence[16][17] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
1970 جيمس ويلكنسون For his research in numerical analysis to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and "backward" error analysis[18][19] National Physical Laboratory
1971 جون مكارثي   McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence" is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work.[20][21] جامعة ستانفورد
1972 إدسگر ديكسترا   Edsger Dijkstra was a principal contributor in the late 1950s to the development of the ALGOL, a high level programming language which has become a model of clarity and mathematical rigor. He is one of the principal proponents of the science and art of programming languages in general, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of their structure, representation, and implementation. His fifteen years of publications extend from theoretical articles on graph theory to basic manuals, expository texts, and philosophical contemplations in the field of programming languages.[22][23] Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica,
Eindhoven University of Technology,
جامعة تكساس في أوستن
1973 تشارلز باكمان   For his outstanding contributions to database technology[24][25] General Electric Research Laboratory (now under Groupe Bull, an Atos company)
1974 دونالد كنوث   For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to "The Art of Computer Programming" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title[26][27] California Institute of Technology,
Center for Communications Research, Center for Communications and Computing, Institute for Defense Analyses,
Stanford University
1975 ألن نيووِل In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequently with numerous faculty and student colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.[28][29][30] RAND Corporation,
Carnegie Mellon University
هربرت سايمون

 

1976 مايكل رابين   For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem",[31] which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field[32][33][34][35] Princeton University
دانا سكوت   University of Chicago
1977 جون باكوس   For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on FORTRAN, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of programming languages[36][37] آي بي إم
1978 روبرت فلويد For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of computer science: the theory of parsing, the semantics of programming languages, automatic program verification, automatic program synthesis, and analysis of algorithms[38] Carnegie Mellon University،
جامعة ستانفورد
1979 كنيث إيڤرسون For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice[39][40] آي بي إم
1980 توني هور   For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages[41][42] Queen's University Belfast،
جامعة أكسفورد
1981 إدگار كود For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems, esp. relational databases[43][44] آي بي إم
1982 ستيفن كوك   For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way[45][46] University of Toronto
1983 كن تومسن   For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system[47][48] Bell Labs
دنيس ريتشي  
1984 نيكلاوس ويرث   For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, Pascal, MODULA and Oberon[49] جامعة ستنافورد،
جامعة زيورخ،
ETH Zurich
1985 رتشارد كارپ   For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of NP-completeness[50] University of California, Berkeley
1986 جون هوپكروفت   For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures[51][52] جامعة كورنل
روبرت تارجان   Stanford University,
Cornell University,
University of California, Berkeley,
Princeton University
1987 جون كوك For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers (RISC)[53] آي بي إم
1988 آيڤان سذرلاند   For his pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics, starting with Sketchpad, and continuing after[54] Stanford University,
جامعة هارڤرد,
University of Utah,
California Institute of Technology
1989 وليام كان   For his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis. One of the foremost experts on floating-point computations, Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations!"[55] جامعة كاليفورنيا، بركلي
1990 فرناندو كورباتو   For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems, CTSS and Multics[56] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
1991 روبين ميلنر For three distinct and complete achievements:
  1. LCF, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction;
  2. ML, the first language to include polymorphic type inference together with a type-safe exception-handling mechanism;
  3. CCS, a general theory of concurrency

In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced full abstraction, the study of the relationship between operational and denotational semantics.[57][58]

Stanford University,
University of Edinburgh
1992 بتلر لامپسون   For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: workstations, networks, operating systems, programming systems, displays, security and document publishing[59] PARC,
DEC
1993 يوريس هارمانيس   In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory[60][61][62] General Electric Research Laboratory (now under Groupe Bull, an Atos company)
رتشارد ستيرنز  
1994 إدوارد فايگنباوم   For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology[63][64][65] جامعة ستانفورد
راج ردي   Stanford University,
Carnegie Mellon University
1995 مانويل بلوم   In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking[66] University of California, Berkeley
1996 عمير پنولي   For seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification[67] Stanford University,
Tel Aviv University,
Weizmann Institute of Science,
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
1997 دوگلاس إنگلبارت   For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision[68] SRI International,
Tymshare,
McDonnell Douglas,
Bootstrap Institute/Alliance,[69]
The Doug Engelbart Institute
1998 جيم گراي   For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation[70] آي بي إم،
مايكروسوفت
1999 فرد بروكس   For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering[71] IBM,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2000 أندرو ياو   In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity[72] Stanford University,
University of California, Berkeley,
Princeton University
2001 أولى-يوهان دال For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67[73][74] Norwegian Computing Center,
University of Oslo
كريستين نيگارد  
2002 رون ريڤست   For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice[75][76][77] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
آدي شامير  
ليونارد أدلمان   University of Southern California
2003 آلان كاي   For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing[78] University of Utah,
PARC,
Stanford University,
Atari,
Apple ATG,
Walt Disney Imagineering,
Viewpoints Research Institute,
HP Labs
2004 ڤنت سرف   For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking[79][80] University of California, Los Angeles,
Stanford University, DARPA,
MCI (now under Verizon),
CNRI, Google
بوب كان   معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا،
Bolt Beranek and Newman,
DARPA,
CNRI
2005 پيتر ناور   For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of ALGOL 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming[81] Regnecentralen (now under Fujitsu),
University of Copenhagen
2006 فرانسس آلن   For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution[82] آي بي إم
2007 إدموند كلارك   For their roles in developing model checking into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries[83][84][85][86] جامعة هارڤرد,
Carnegie Mellon University
إ. آلن إمرسون   جامعة هارڤرد,
جامعة تكساس في أوستن
جوسف سيفاكس   French National Centre for Scientific Research
2008 باربرا ليسكوڤ   For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing[87] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
2009 تشارلز ثاكر   For his pioneering design and realization of the Xerox Alto, the first modern personal computer, and in addition for his contributions to the Ethernet and the Tablet PC[88] PARC,
DEC,
Microsoft Research
2010 لزلي ڤاليانت   For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing[89] جامعة هارڤرد
2011 جوديا پرل   For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning[90][91] University of California, Los Angeles,
New Jersey Institute of Technology
2012 سيلڤيو ميكالي   For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory[92][93][94] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
شافريرا گولدڤاسر   معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا،
Weizmann Institute of Science
2013 لزلي لامپورت   For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency[95][96][97] Massachusetts Computer Associates (now under Essig PLM),
SRI International,
DEC,
Compaq (now under HP),
Microsoft Research
2014 مايكل ستون‌بريكر   For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems[98][99] University of California, Berkeley,
معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
2015 ويتفيلد ديفي   For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, "New Directions in Cryptography",[100] introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the Internet today.[101][102] جامعة ستنافورد
{ مارتن هلمان  
2016 تيم برنرز-لي   For inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale[103] CERN,
معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا,
World Wide Web Consortium
2017 جون هنسي   For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry[104][105][106] جامعة ستانفورد
ديڤد پاترسون   University of California, Berkeley
2018 يوشوا بنگيو   For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made deep neural networks a critical component of computing[107][108][109][110] Université de Montréal, McGill University,
Mila
جفري هنتون   University of Toronto,
University of California, San Diego,
Carnegie Mellon University,
University College London,
University of Edinburgh,
Google AI
يان ليكون   University of Toronto,
Bell Labs,
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University,
Meta AI
2019 إد كاتمول   For fundamental contributions to 3-D computer graphics, and the revolutionary impact of these techniques on computer-generated imagery (CGI) in filmmaking and other applications[111][112][113] جامعة يوتا،
Pixar,
Walt Disney Animation Studios
پات هانراهان   Pixar,
Princeton University,
Stanford University
2020 ألفرد أهو For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists[114][115][116] Bell Labs,
Columbia University
جفري أولمان Bell Labs،
Princeton University،
جامعة ستانفورد
2021 جاك دونگارا   For pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries that enabled high performance computational software to keep pace with exponential hardware improvements for over four decades[117][118] معمل أرگون الوطني،
مختبر أوك ريدج الوطني،
جامعة مانشستر،
جامعة تكساس إي أند إم معهد الدراسات المتقدمة،
جامعة تنسي،
جامعة رايس
2022 روبرت متكالف   For the invention, standardization, and commercialization of Ethernet[119] معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا، جامعة هارڤرد، زيروكس PARC، جامعة تكساس في أوستن
2023 آڤي ودجرسون   من أجل عمله على "إعادة تشكيل فهمنا لدور العشوائية في كيفية تشكيل وتعزيز خوارزميات الحاسوب، وقيادته الفكرية الممتدة لعقود في علوم الحاسوب النظرية". [120] معهد الدراسات المتقدمة، جامعة پرنستون، الجامعة العبرية في القدس


انظر أيضاً

المصادر

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