المعرفة

1347

تحويل 1-1-1347م الى هجري  (وصلة خارجية)  | تحويل 31-12-1347م الى هجري  (وصلة خارجية)  | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1347

الألفية: الألفية 2
القرون: القرن 13 - القرن 14 - القرن 15
العقود: عقد 1310  عقد 1320  عقد 1330  - عقد 1340 -  عقد 1350  عقد 1360  عقد 1370
السنوات: 1344 1345 1346 - 1347 - 1348 1349 1350
1347 حسب الموضوع
الفنون والعلوم
العمارة - الفن
السياسة
زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة
تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات
المواليد - الوفيات
تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات
التأسيسات - الانحلالات
الفن والأدب
1347 في الشعر
1347 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري1347
MCCCXLVII
آب أوربه كونديتا2100
التقويم الأرمني796
ԹՎ ՉՂԶ
التقويم الآشوري6097
التقويم البهائي−497 – −496
التقويم البنغالي754
التقويم الأمازيغي2297
سنة العهد الإنگليزي20 Edw. 3 – 21 Edw. 3
التقويم البوذي1891
التقويم البورمي709
التقويم البيزنطي6855–6856
التقويم الصيني丙戌年 (النار الكلب)
4043 أو 3983
    — إلى —
丁亥年 (النار الخنزير)
4044 أو 3984
التقويم القبطي1063–1064
التقويم الديسكوردي2513
التقويم الإثيوپي1339–1340
التقويم العبري5107–5108
التقاويم الهندوسية
 - ڤيكرام سامڤات1403–1404
 - شاكا سامڤات1269–1270
 - كالي يوگا4448–4449
تقويم الهولوسين11347
تقويم الإگبو347–348
التقويم الإيراني725–726
التقويم الهجري747–748
التقويم اليابانيJōwa 3
(貞和３年)
تقويم جوچىN/A
التقويم اليوليوسي1347
MCCCXLVII
التقويم الكوري3680
تقويم مينگوو565 قبل جمهورية الصين
民前565年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي1890
This box:

Year 1347 (MCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.

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أحداث

January–December

Asia

Western Asia

The Mamluk Empire is hit by the plague in the autumn.[5] Baghdad is hit in the same year.[6]

South Asia

After years of resistance against the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Bahmani Kingdom, a Muslim Sultanate in Deccan, was established on August 3, when King Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah was crowned in a mosque in Daulatabad.[7] Later in the year, the Kingdom's capital was moved from Daulatabad to the more central Gulbarga.[8][9] Southeast Asia suffered a drought which dried up an important river which ran through the capital city of the Kingdom of Ayodhya, forcing the King to move the capital to a new location on the Lop Buri River.[10]

Europe

Eastern and Scandinavian

 
Citizens of Tournai bury plague victims. Miniature from "The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis" (1272-1352). Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v.

On February 2 the Byzantine Empire's civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople. On February 8, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly. The agreement was finalized in May when John V married Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter. The war had come at a high cost economically and territorially, and much of the Empire was in need of rebuilding.[11] To make matters worse, in May Genoese ships fleeing the Black Death in Kaffa stopped in Constantinople. The plague soon spread from their ships to the city.[12] By autumn, the epidemic had spread throughout the Balkans, possibly through contact with Venetian ports along the Adriatic Sea.[13] Specific cases were recorded in the northern Balkans on December 25, in the city of Split.[14]

After being proclaimed Tsar of Serbia in the previous year by the newly promoted Serbian Patriarch Joanikije II, Stefan Dušan continued his southern expansion by conquering Epirus, Aetolia and Acarnania, appointing his half-brother, despot Simeon Uroš as governor of those provinces.

Central

On May 20 Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declared himself Emperor of Rome in front of a huge crowd in response to what had been several years of power struggles among the upper-class barony. Pope Clement VI, along with several of Rome's upper-class nobility, united to drive him out of the city in November.[15] In October, Genoese ships arrived in southern Italy with the Black Plague, beginning the spread of the disease in the region.[12][16] Jews were first accused of ritual murders in Poland in 1347.[17] Casimir III of Poland issues Poland's first codified collection of laws after the diet of Wiślica. Separate laws are codified for greater and lesser Poland.[18][19]

Western Europe

In the continuing Hundred Years' War, the English won the city of Calais in a treaty signed in September. In a meeting with the Estates General in November, the French King Phillip was told that in the recent war efforts they had "lost all and gained nothing."[20] Phillip, however, was granted a portion of the money he requested and was able to continue his war effort.[21] The English King Edward offered Calais a package of economic boosts which would make Calais the key city connecting England with France economically.[22] Edward returned to England at that height of his popularity and power and for six months celebrated his successes with others in the English nobility. Although the Kingdom's funds were largely pushed towards the war, building projects among the more wealthy continued, with, for example, the completion of Pembroke College in this year.[21]

The French city of Marseilles recognized the plague on September 1 and by November 1 it had spread to Aix-en-Provence. The earliest recorded invasion of the plague into Spanish territory was in Majorca in December 1347, probably through commercial ships.[14] Three years of plague began in England.[23]

مواليد

وفيات


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See also

References

  1. ^ Vitale, Vito Antonio (1937). "Vignoso, Simone". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian).{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 207. ISBN 0-87169-114-0.
  3. ^ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1135131371.
  4. ^ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339–1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
  5. ^ Watts, Sheldon. Epidemics and History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-300-08087-5 pp. 25–26
  6. ^ Miller, Edward. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Cambridge: U.P, 1987. ISBN 0-521-08709-0 pp. 461
  7. ^ Maren Goldberg and Thinley Kalsang Bhutia (2016). "Bahmani Sultanate". www.Britannica.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  8. ^ ISBN 0-7614-7635-0 pp. 335
  9. ^ Britannica, Encyclopedia et al. Students' Britannica India. New Delhi: Encyclopædia Britannica (India), 2000. ISBN 0-85229-760-2 pp. 149
  10. ^ Van Beek, Steve and Luca Invernizzi. The Arts of Thailand. Berkeley: Periplus Editions, 1999. ISBN 962-593-262-3 pp. 139
  11. ^ Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-814098-3 pp. 267
  12. ^ أ ب Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 51–54
  13. ^ Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 74
  14. ^ أ ب Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85115-943-5 pp. 75
  15. ^ Garwood, Duncan. Lonely Planet Rome: City Guides. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet Publications, 2006. ISBN 1-74059-710-9 pp. 70
  16. ^ Corporation, Marshall. Exploring the Middle Ages. New York (Box 410: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006. ISBN 0-7614-7615-6 pp. 99
  17. ^ Weinryb, Bernard. The Jews of Poland. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1973. ISBN 0-8276-0016-X pp. 27
  18. ^ Fisher, HH. America and the New Poland. City: Fisher Press, 2007. ISBN 1-4067-5084-0 pp. xv
  19. ^ Morfill, William. Poland. London: T. F. Unwin, 1893. ISBN 0-8369-9919-3 pp. 42
  20. ^ Fraioli, Deborah. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN 0-313-32458-1 pp. 106
  21. ^ أ ب Neillands, Robin. The Hundred Years War. New York: Routledge, 1990. ISBN 0-415-07149-6 pp. 109–110
  22. ^ Corfis, Ivy and Michael Wolfe. The Medieval City under Siege. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 1999. ISBN 0-85115-756-4 pp. 55
  23. ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
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