قصر وستمنستر

قصر وستمنستر إنگليزية: Palace of Westminstercode: en is deprecated (معروف بصورة أكثر باسم بيوت البرلمان)، في مدينة وستمنستر في لندن في المملكة المتحدة، هو القصر الذي يجتمع فيه أعضاء البرلمان البريطاني. القصر هو واحد من أكبر مباني البرلمانات في العالم. مخطط القصر معقد جدا، يحتوي على ما يقرب من 1200 غرفة مع الأخذ بالحسبان المباني القائمة فيه، إضافة إلى 100 سلم واكثر من ثلاثة كيلومترات (اثنان ميلا) من الممرات ويعود تاريخها إلى القرن التاسع عشر، فيه قاعة وستمنستر والتي يعتبر من المباني التاريخية، تستخدم في الوقت الحاضر للاحتفالات العامة الرئيسية.

قصر وستمنستر Palace of Westminster
قصر وستمنستر و جسر وستمنستر ينظر منه من جميع أنحاء نهر التايمز
الموقع	مدينة وستمنستر, لندن، المملكة المتحدة
بـُنِيَ	العصور الوسطى
أزيل	1834 (نظرا لإطلاق النار)
معاد بناؤه	1840–70
النمط المعماري	Perpendicular Gothic
موقع تراث عالمي حسب اليونسكو
الاسم الرسمي	قصر وستمنستر ، كنيسة وستمنستر و شارع كنيسة مارغريت
النوع	ثقافي
المعيار	i, ii, iv
التوصيف	1987 (11th session)
الرقم المرجعي	426
بلد	المملكة المتحدة
منطقة	أوروبا وشمال أمريكا
Extensions	2008
Listed Building – Grade I
الاسم الرسمي	Houses of Parliament / The Palace of Westminster
التوصيف	5 فبراير 1970
الرقم المرجعي	1226284
موقع قصر وستمنستر في وسط لندن

البرمان هو ذو مجلسين، المجلس الأعلى، الممثل بمجلس اللوردات، ومجلس سفلي، الممثل بمجلس العموم. المجلسين يجتمعون في غرف مفصولة في قصر وستمنستر.

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 التاريخ

 القصر القديم

Conjectural restoration of Westminster during the reign of Henry VIII, by H. J. Brewer, 1884

A detail from John Rocque's 1746 map of London. St Stephen's Chapel, labelled "H of Comm" (House of Commons), is adjacent to Westminster Hall; the Parliament Chamber—labelled "H of L" (House of Lords)—and the Prince's Chamber are to the far south. The Court of Requests, between the two Houses, became the new home of the Lords in 1801. At the north-east, by the river, stands Speaker's House.

 الحريق وإعادة الإعمار

J. M. W. Turner watched the fire of 1834 and painted several canvasses depicting it, including The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons (1835).

Sir Charles Barry conceived the winning design for the New Houses of Parliament and supervised its construction until his death in 1860.

 المظهر الخارجي

River front of the Palace of Westminster

View from across the Thames in the morning...

...and at dusk. Portcullis House is visible on the right.

 الأبراج

المقالة الرئيسية: Victoria Tower and Big Ben

The Victoria Tower was the most conspicuous feature of Charles Barry's design for the New Palace of Westminster. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest secular building in the world.

The Clock Tower's fame has surpassed that of the Palace itself. The structure has largely become synonymous with Big Ben, the heaviest of the five bells it houses.

The slender form of the Central Tower, which was designed as a spire, markedly contrasts with the more massive square towers at the ends of the Palace.

St. Stephen's Tower

 الأساس

Cromwell Green, outside Westminster Hall, is the site of Hamo Thornycroft's bronze statue of Oliver Cromwell, erected amid controversy in 1899.

 المنظر الداخلي

 Layout

Layout of the principal floor (north is to the right). The debating chambers of the two Houses and their ante-rooms lie on opposite sides of the Central Lobby and are part of the central spine of the Palace, which includes the suite of ceremonial rooms to the south. The Victoria Tower occupies the south-west corner and the Speaker's House takes up the north-east corner; the Clock Tower is at the far north and Westminster Hall protrudes to the west.

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 غرفة ملابس الملكة

The Sovereign prepares for the State Opening of Parliament on the Robing Room's Chair of State.

 المعرض الملكي

Following the rapid decay of Maclise's first two frescoes, the rest of the Royal Gallery's walls were left unpainted.

 مجلس اللوردات

The Sovereign's Throne and its gilded Canopy dominate the ornate Lords Chamber.

The passage of the Parliament Act 1911. Votes in both Houses of Parliament are conducted in the form of divisions.

 اللوبي المركزي

Saint George for England by Sir Edward Poynter and Saint Patrick for Ireland by Robert Anning Bell are two of the four mosaics decorating the Central Lobby.

 أعضاء اللوبي

المقالة الرئيسية: Members' Lobby

American President Barack Obama in the Members' Lobby during a tour of Parliament in 2011

مجلس اللوردات يحتوي على نوعين من الأعضاء: اللوردات الروحيون (الممثلين بأعلى أساقفة كنيسة إنكلترا) واللوردات الدنويون (الممثلين بالنبلاء)؛ أعضاءه لا يتم انتخابهم من قبل عامة الشعب ولكن يتم تعينهم من قبل حكومة قديمة وحديثة. أما مجلس العموم، فهو منتخب ديموقراطياً مع انتخابات تقام كل خمس سنوات على الأقل.

 مجلس العموم

Like its predecessor, the post-war chamber of the House of Commons can seat on its green benches only about two-thirds of all Members of Parliament.

 قاعة وستمنستر

Westminster Hall in the early 19th century

George IV's coronation banquet was held in Westminster Hall in 1821; it was the last such banquet held.

 الغرف الأخرى

المقالة الرئيسية: House of Commons Library

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 الأمن

Concrete barriers restrict access to Old Palace Yard.

 الحوادث

The assassination of Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in 1812 in the lobby of the House of Commons

Activists on the roof of the Palace of Westminster

 القواعد والتقاليد

 قواعد اللبس

The introduction of a new Member of Parliament, 1858. Wearing hats in the House of Commons has not always been treated in the same way.

 الثقافة والسياحة

Claude Monet's Houses of Parliament series

The Houses of Parliament, sunset (1903), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

London, Houses of Parliament. The Sun Shining through the Fog (1904), Musée d'Orsay, Paris

During three trips to London between 1899 and 1901, Impressionist painter Claude Monet worked on a series of canvasses depicting the Houses of Parliament under various light and weather conditions, often obscured by the smog prevalent in the city in Victorian times. The paintings share the same vantage point—a terrace at St Thomas's Hospital—and many of the works were finished in Monet's studio in France during the following years.

 المصادر

الهوامش

قائمة المراجع

• Cooke, Sir Robert (1987). The Palace of Westminster. London: Burton Skira. ISBN 978-0-333-45923-2. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Natzler, D. L (1994-01) [1930]. The Houses of Parliament: A Guide to the Palace of Westminster (15th ed.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-11-701579-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Field, John (30 أكتوبر 2009). The Story of Parliament in the Palace of Westminster. London: Politico's Publishing; James & James Publishers. ISBN 978-1-904022-14-5. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Gerhold, Dorian (16 سبتمبر 1999). Westminster Hall: Nine Hundred Years of History. London: James & James Publishers. ISBN 978-0-907383-88-8. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Guide to the Palace of Westminster. London: Warrington. 1911(?). OCLC 5081639. OL 13507081M. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
• Jones, Christopher (1983-11). The Great Palace: The Story of Parliament. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 978-0-563-20178-6. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Macdonald, Peter (30 أكتوبر 2005). Big Ben: The Bell, the Clock and the Tower. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-3828-0. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Port, M. H. (1976). The Houses of Parliament. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-02022-9. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Quinault, Roland (1992). "Westminster and the Victorian Constitution". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 6. 2: 79–104. doi:10.2307/3679100. (يتطلب اشتراك)
• Riding, Christine; Riding, Jacqueline, eds. (2000). The Houses of Parliament: History, Art, Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85894-112-7.
• Shenton, Caroline (2012). The Day Parliament Burned Down. Oxford: OUP. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
• Wilson, Robert (2005) [1994]. The Houses of Parliament. Norwich: Jarrold Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84165-099-9. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

 قراءات للإستزادة

• Tanfield, Jennifer (1991-12). In Parliament 1939–50: The Effect of the War on the Palace of Westminster. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-10-850640-6. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)

 وصلات خارجية

	بوابة Architecture
	بوابة London

• Media related to قصر وستمنستر at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website of the Palace of Westminster
• Palace of Westminster Square 360 Image (Java)
• Westminster Hall – A Virtual Experience
• "A Victorian Novel in Stone" Rosemary Hill, The Wall Street Journal, 20 March 2009