المعرفة

ZU-23-2

زو-23-2 ZU-23-2 هو رشاش روسي مضاد للطائرات و الأفراد و يعتبر رشاش ثقيل من عيار 23 ملم و هو نفس الرشاش الذي يعمل على منظومة شيلكا و يتم تركيبه إما على الشاحنات أو على هياكل الدبابات مثل هيكل دبابات تي-34 أو تي-55 و مدرعات بي-ام-بي-1 و لا يزال في الخدمة و قيد الإنتاج في عدة دول منها الصين و الهند و الفيتنام و الجزائر و سوريا و مصر و إيران.

ZU-23-2
ZU-23-2 in Saint Petersburg.jpg
A ZU-23-2
النوعTowed 23 mm Anti-Aircraft Twin Autocannon
مكان الأصلSoviet Union
تاريخ الخدمة
في الخدمة1960–present
يستخدمهSee Operators section
الحروبAngolan Civil War
South African Border War
United States invasion of Grenada
Lebanese Civil War
Soviet–Afghan War
Western Sahara War[1]
Somali Civil War
Gulf War
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Georgian Civil War
South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
2006 Lebanon Conflict
Russo-Georgian War
First Libyan Civil War
Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile[2]
Syrian Civil War[3]
Northern Mali conflict[4]
Second Libyan Civil War
War in Donbas
Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)[3]
تاريخ الانتاج
المصممKBP Instrument Design Bureau
صممهLate 1950s
أُنتِج1960 – present [1]
التنويعاتSee Variants and upgrades
المواصفات (ZU-23-2)
الوزن0.95 tonnes (2,094 lbs)
الطول4.57 m (10 ft)
Barrel length2.008 m (79.1 in) (87.3 calibers)
العرض2.88 m (9 ft 5 in)
الارتفاع1.22 m (4 ft)
الطاقم2 -- gunner and commander
Shell23x152B
العيار23 mm
المواسير2
ActionGas operated
الارتفاع−10° to +90°[5]
Traverse360°
معدل النيران2000 rpm cyclic, 400 rpm practical
Effective firing range2.5 km (2 mi) effective range

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الذخيرة

Designation Type Projectile Weight [g] Bursting charge [g] Muzzle Velocity [m/s] Description
BZT API 190 [6] ? 970 Blunt AP steel core, with incendiary charge inside windshield cap.[6] Penetration 15 mm RHA at 1000 m range and 30 degree impact angle (from perpendicular), tracer burn time 5 seconds.
OFZ HE 184 [6] 19 [7] 980[6] HE fragmentation round with nose fuzes incorporating self-destruct mechanism.[6]
OFZT HE-T 188[6] 13 [7] 980[6] HE fragmentation round with a reduced HE charge due to the space taken by the tracer; tracer burn time 5 seconds.
APDS-T APDS-T 103 none 1220 A Polish sub-caliber armour-piercing round with tracer, introduced in 2008.[8] Penetration 30 mm RHA at 1000 m range and 30 degree impact angle (from perpendicular), tracer burn time >2.5 s.


التنويعات والتحديث

Soviet Union/Russian Federation

 
Modified ZU-23/30M1-3


مصر

  • ZU 23-M – Licence version of the ZU-23. It is also known as SH-23M and is produced by Abu Zaabal Engineering Industries (Factory 100).[9]
    • Nile 23 – Self-propelled version on the tracked M113. A system consists of the combat vehicle with ZU 23-M guns and surface-to-air missiles Saqr Eye, and a tracker vehicle, also based on the M113.[10][11]
    • Sinai 23 – Similar to the Nile 23, with two Zu-23 guns and six Saqr-Eye missiles mounted on a TA-23E turret and fitted with a RA-20S E-band radar. Developed by Dassault and selected by Egypt in preference to Nile 23, entering service by 1992.[12] Instead of the Saqr Eye, FIM-92 Stinger missiles can be used.[13]

China

 
Sino Mill Truck mounted Type-87 gun
  • Type 85/YW 306 – Reverse-engineered copy of the ZU-23-2, made by NORINCO.[14] Initially it was offered for export as the G-AA-01.[15] It is referred to as Type 85 gun by some sources.
    • Giant Bow – Also known as Shengong (Deity Bow, 神弓). This is the name of an air-defense system, which consists of up to eight Type 85 guns and a battery command vehicle (BCV).[14]
    • Giant Bow II a.k.a. Shengong-II – This is a more modern version of the Giant Bow and is offered for export since 2005. Apart from the 23 mm guns, it also comprises TY-90 missile launchers and a 3D radar.[14]
  • Type 87 – Upgraded version with twin 25 mm guns for 25x183B ammunition such as the PG87. After a failed initial design, an improved design was developed in 1979 and ready for evaluation in 1984. The Type 87 gun was accepted for service in 1987. It has the same layout as the original model and consists of two automatic, recoil-operated cannons, a two-wheel cartridge, a Type 86 infrared tracking sight and two 40-round ammunition magazines. The Type 87 fires in either single shot or burst mode, with a cyclic rate of fire of 600~700 rounds/min and has a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s.[16]
    • PGZ95 – self-propelled version of the Type 87.

Iran

  • Mesbah-1 – Iranian-made air-defence and anti cruise missile system with four ZU-23 mounts. For the first time presented in 2010.
  • ZU-23-6 (unofficial designator) – Similar to the Mesbah-1 but with only 6 instead of 8 barrels. This was probably the pre-series model of the Mesbah-1.[17]

المواصفات العامة

 
A salvo from the ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun
  • Overall dimensions in firing position
    • Length: 4.57 m (15 ft)
    • Width: 2.88 m (9.44 ft)
    • Height: 1.22 m (4 ft)
  • Weight: 0.95 tonnes (2,094 lbs)
  • Armament: two 2A14 Afanasyev-Yakushev 23x152mm (.90 in) autocannons
  • Barrel length: 2 m (6.5 ft)/ 87.3 calibers
  • Muzzle velocity: 970 m/s (3,182 ft/s)
  • Projectile weight: 186 g (6.27 oz)
  • Rate of fire
    • Cyclic: 2,000 rounds per minute
    • Practical: 400 rounds per minute
  • Effective range: 2-2.5 km (1.24-1.55 mi)
  • Effective altitude: 1,500-2,000 m (4,921-6,562 ft)
  • Crew: 6

Operators


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Former operators

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب Francesco Palmas (2012). "Il contenzioso del sahara occidentale fra passato e presente" (PDF). Informazioni della Difesa (in الإيطالية). No. 4. pp. 50–59.
  2. ^ أ ب "SPLA-N weapons and equipment, South Kordofan, December 2012" (PDF). HSBA Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk. Small Arms Survey: 8. February 2013.
  3. ^ أ ب Neville, Leigh (19 Apr 2018). Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces. New Vanguard 257. Osprey Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 9781472822512.
  4. ^ Rebel Forces in Northern Mali: Documented weapons, ammunition and related materiel, April 2012-March 2013. Conflict Armament Research and Small Arms Survey. April 2013. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://www.conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Rebel_Forces_in_Northern_Mali.pdf. 
  5. ^ Foss, Christopher (1977). Jane's Pocket Book of Towed Artillery. New York: Collier. p. 221. ISBN 0-02-080600-0. OCLC 911907988.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "The Russian Ammunition Page - Home". www.russianammo.org. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  7. ^ أ ب CISR-JMU. "Center for International Stabilization and Recovery". www.jmu.edu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  8. ^ 23 mm amunicja podlaibrowa produkcji ZM Mesko S.A. (2007), "Nowa Technika Wojskowa" Nr 11/2007, p. 14 (in Polish)
  9. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة ReferenceA
  10. ^ "JED". jedsite.info. Archived from the original on 2 ديسمبر 2013. Retrieved 6 مايو 2018.
  11. ^ "JED". jedsite.info. Archived from the original on 2 ديسمبر 2013. Retrieved 6 مايو 2018.
  12. ^ Cullen & Foss 1992, pp. 62–63
  13. ^ "JED". jedsite.info. Retrieved 6 May 2018.[dead link]
  14. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة ReferenceB
  15. ^ International Defence Equipment Catalogue 1988–89, page II/27
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 ديسمبر 2007. Retrieved 12 ديسمبر 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ Administrator. "ZU-23-6 six cannons 23 mm anti-aircraft gun technical data sheet specifications pictures video". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  18. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 368.
  19. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 495.
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  21. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 203.
  22. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 95.
  23. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 97.
  24. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 500.
  25. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 502.
  26. ^ Darcourt, Pierre (January 1984). "Tchad: le désert des Tartares". La Gazette des armes (in الفرنسية). No. 125. pp. 16–19.
  27. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 504.
  28. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 450.
  29. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 509.
  30. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 454.
  31. ^ The Military Balance 2017, pp. 373-375.
  32. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 511.
  33. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 512.
  34. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 513.
  35. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance. p. 469. ISBN 9781032012278.
  36. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 121.
  37. ^ SPUTNIK (2004-07-23). "South Ossetian a self proclaimed republic in Western Georgia Armed forces and volunteers Jawa region". alamy.com. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
  38. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 515.
  39. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 518.
  40. ^ أ ب The Military Balance 2017, p. 210.
  41. ^ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's – IHS". articles.janes.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  42. ^ http://www.adprconsult.com.my/indo-aerospace-defence.pdf[dead link]
  43. ^ The Military Balance 2017, pp. 377-379.
  44. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 381.
  45. ^ أ ب The Military Balance 2017, p. 564.
  46. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 384.
  47. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 506.
  48. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 304.
  49. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 310.
  50. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 390.
  51. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 392.
  52. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 393.
  53. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 395.
  54. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 315.
  55. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 525.
  56. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 526.
  57. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 464.
  58. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 529.
  59. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 397.
  60. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 468.
  61. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 145.
  62. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 213.
  63. ^ Small Arms Survey (2012). "Surveying the Battlefield: Illicit Arms In Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia". Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-521-19714-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2012.
  64. ^ GAROWEONLINE (2016-03-17). "Puntland clashes enter second day in Somalia: Who's fighting whom?". Garowe Online. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  65. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 534.
  66. ^ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's – IHS". www.janes.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  67. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 536.
  68. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 537.
  69. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 539.
  70. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 405.
  71. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 541.
  72. ^ The Military Balance 2017, pp. 228-230.
  73. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 475.
  74. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p. 546.

External links

 
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