المعرفة

معاهدة لشبونة

معاهدة لشبونة بالإنجليزية Treaty of Lisbon، هي معاهدة إصلاح ترسي للإتحاد الأوروبي أساسا جديداً، وقعت من قبل رؤساء الحكومات والدول الأوروبية في 13 ديسمبر 2007، في مدينة لشبونة البرتغالية. [1]

معاهدة لشبونة
Treaty of Lisbon
معاهدة لشبونة تعدّل معاهدة الاتحاد الاوروبي والمعاهدة المؤسسة للمجتمع الاوروبي
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النوعمعدِلة للمعاهدات السابقة
المسودة7–8 سبتمبر 2007
التوقيع13 ديسمبر 2007
المكانلشبونة, البرتغال
الختم18 ديسمبر 2007
تاريخ السريان1 يناير 2009
الحالةموافقة جميع الأعضاء في الإتحاد الأوروبي
الموقعونأعضاء الإتحاد الأوروبي
المودع لديهحكومة إيطاليا
اللغات23 لغات الإتحاد الأوروبي
معاهدة لشبونة في معرفة المصادر
صورة جماعية بعد التوقيع على الدستور في روما 2004.

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التاريخ

خلفية تاريخية

The need to review the EU's constitutional framework, particularly in light of the accession of ten new Member States in 2004, was highlighted in a declaration annexed to the Treaty of Nice in 2001. The agreements at Nice had paved the way for further enlargement of the Union by reforming voting procedures. The Laeken declaration of December 2001 committed the EU to improving democracy, transparency and efficiency, and set out the process by which a constitution could be arrived at. The European Convention was established, presided over by former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, and was given the task of consulting as widely as possible across Europe with the aim of producing a first draft of the Constitution. The Convention consisted mainly of representatives of national parliaments, not only from existing Member States but also from candidate countries, as well as representatives of heads of state and government. It published its final draft in July 2003. The final text of the proposed Constitution was agreed upon at the summit meeting on 18-19 June 2004 under the presidency of Ireland.

The Constitution, having been agreed by heads of government from the 25 Member States, was signed at a ceremony in Rome on 29 October 2004. Before it could enter into force, however, it had to be unanimously ratified by each member state. Ratification took different forms in each country, depending on the traditions, constitutional arrangements, and political processes of each country. In 2005, Dutch and French voters rejected the European Constitution in national referenda. While the majority of the Member States already had ratified the European Constitution, mostly through parliamentary ratification (though Spain and Luxembourg held referenda), due to the requirement of unanimity to amend the constitutional treaties of the EU, it became clear that it could not enter into force. This led to a "period of reflection" and the political end of the proposed European Constitution.

دفعة جديدة

في 2007, ألمانيا took over the rotating EU Presidency and declared the period of reflection over. By March, the 50th anniversary of the معاهدات روما, برلين Declaration was adopted by all Member States. This declaration outlined the intention of all Member States to agree on a new treaty in time for the 2009 Parliamentary elections, that is to have a ratified treaty before mid-2009.[2]

 
 اقرأ نصاً ذا علاقة في

Berlin Declaration


Already before the Berlin Declaration, the Amato Group (officially the Action Committee for European Democracy, ACED) - a group of European politicians, backed by the Barroso Commission with two representatives in the group – worked unofficially on rewriting the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (EU Constitution). On 4 June 2007 the group released their text in French – cut from 63,000 words in 448 articles in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to 12,800 in 70 articles.[3] In the Berlin Declaration, the EU leaders unofficially set a new timeline for the new treaty;

الجدول الزمني

  • 21–23 يوليو 2007
    European Council meeting in Brussels, mandate for IGC
  • 23 July 2007
 إجتماع في لشبونة وتقرير نص المعاهدة
  • 7–8 سبتمبر 2007
 إجتماع وزراء خارجية دول الإتحاد الأوروبي
  • 18–19 أكتوبر 2007
 المجلس الأوروبي في لشبونة ، وإتفاق نهائي بشأن معاهدة الإصلاح
  • 13 ديسمبر 2007
 التوقيع في لشبونة
  • في نهاية 2008
 صدقت عليها جميع الدول الأعضاء
  • 1 يناير 2009
 الدخول في حيز التنفيذ

[4]

 
50th anniversary in the summer of 2007, Berlin. (Merkel and Barroso)

الإتحاد الأوروبي في يونيو

On 21 June 2007 the European Council met in Brussels to agree upon the foundation of a new treaty to replace the rejected Constitution. The meeting took place under the German Presidency of the EU Council, with Chancellor Angela Merkel leading the negotiations as President-in-Office of the European Council. After the Council quickly dealt with its other business, such as deciding on the accession of Cyprus and مالطة to the Eurozone, negotiations on the Treaty took over and lasted until the morning of 23 June 2007. The hardest part of the negotiations was reported to be Poland's insistence on 'square root' voting in the EU Council.[5]

Agreement was reached on a 16-page mandate for an Intergovernmental Conference, that proposed removing much of the constitutional terminology and many of the symbols from the old European Constitution text. In addition it was agreed to recommend to the IGC that the provisions of the old European Constitution should be amended in certain key aspects (such as voting or foreign policy). Due to pressure from the United Kingdom and Poland, it was also decided to add a protocol to the Charter of fundamental human rights within the EU (clarifying that it did not extend the rights of the courts to overturn domestic law in Britain or Poland). Among the specific changes were greater ability to opt-out in certain areas of legislation and that the proposed new voting system that was part of the European Constitution would not be used before 2014 (see Provisions below).[6][7]

In the June meeting, the name 'Reform Treaty' also emerged, finally clarifying that the Constitutional approach was abandoned. Technically it was agreed that the Reform Treaty would amend both the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) to include most provisions of the European Constitution, however not to combine them into one document. It was also agreed to rename the Treaty establishing the European Community, which is the main functional agreement including most of the substantive provisions of European primary law, to "Treaty on the Functioning of the Union". In addition it was agreed, that unlike the European Constitution where a Charter was part of the document, there would only be a reference to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to make that text legally binding.[6] Many of the amendments followed the procedures suggested by the Amato Group.[بحاجة لمصدر] After the council, Poland indicated they wished to re-open some areas. During June, Poland's Prime Minister had controversially stated that Poland would have a substantially larger population were it not for الحرب العالمية الثانية.[5] An other issue was that Dutch prime minister Jan-Peter Balkenende sat a greater role for national parliaments in the EU decision making process to be a 'red line' of his; something he succeeded with.[8]

المؤتمر الحكومى الدولى

 

Portugal had pressed and supported Germany to reach an agreement on a mandate for an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) under their presidency. After the June negotiations and final settlement on a 16-page framework for the new Reform Treaty, the Intergovernmental conference on actually drafting the new treaty commenced on 23 July 2007. The IGC opened following a short ceremony. The Portuguese presidency presented a 145 page document (with an extra 132 pages of 12 protocols and 51 declarations) entitled the "Draft Treaty amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community" and made it available on the Council of the European Union website as a starting point for the drafting process.[9]

In addition to government representatives and legal scholars from each member state, the European Parliament sent three representatives. These were conservative Elmar Brok, social democratic Enrique Baron Crespo and liberal Andrew Duff.[10]

Before the opening of the IGC, the Polish government expressed a desire to renegotiate the June agreement, notably over the voting system, but relented under political pressure by most other Member States, due to a desire not to be seen as the sole trouble maker over the negotiations.[11] However, according to some media reports, during the drafting process, Poland and Ireland may join the UK in its opt-out of the Charter on human rights, and Poland may call for further codification of rules regarding the ability of countries to delay legislation.[12][13] Despite an opt-out for Ireland having been negotiated, the ICTU had stated it would push for a no vote, if the opt-out had been exercised.[14] In the end, the opt-out for Ireland was not exercised in this area.[15]

الإتحاد الأوروبي في أكتوبر

 
As President-in-Office, José Sócrates led the negotiations in the Lisbon meeting in October 2007

The October European Council consisted of legal experts from all Member States scrutinising the final drafts of the Treaty. During the council, it became clear that the Reform Treaty would be called Treaty of Lisbon because its signing would take place in Lisbon, Portugal, the holder of Council's presidency at the time. This naming practice is in line with most EU treaties in the past (the Maastricht Treaty was signed in Maastricht etc.).

At the European Council meeting on 18 October and 19 October 2007 in Lisbon, a few last-minute concessions were made to ensure the signing of the treaty:[16]

  • Italy gained an additional MEP, while the President of the EP would be counted as an extra MEP (thus keeping the 750 MEP ceiling);
  • Poland got a slightly stronger wording for the revived Ioannina Compromise, plus a nomination for an additional Advocate General at the European Court of Justice. The creation of the permanent "Polish" Advocate General is formally conditioned by an increase of the number of Advocates General from 8 to 11.[17]
  • Austria got a suspension of the court case over its student quotas;
  • Bulgaria succeeded in having the Cyrillic transcription of "euro" be spelt "евро" to sound "evro" (instead of "еуро" as requested by the European Central Bank).

Portugal's Prime Minister José Sócrates lead the negotiations as President-in-Office of the European Council.


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التوقيع

   
حفل التوقيع عـُقِد داخل دير جرونيموس.

تم وقع المعاهدة في 13 ديسمبر 2007 رؤساء حكومات الدول الأعضاء في دير جرونيموس في لشبونة, الپرتغال. رئيس الوزراء البريطاني گوردون براون انقدته قطاعات من الإعلام لعدم مشاركته في الإحتفال الرئيسي, وبدلاً من ذلك فقد وقع على الإتفاقية على حدة بعد بضعة ساعات من توقيع الوفود الأخرى. وجوب مثوله أمام لجنة برلمانية بريطانية ذُكر كسبب لتغيبه.[18]

الهيكل

معاهدة لشبونة هي سلسلة من التعديلات على معاهدة الاتحاد الاوروبي (ماستريخت) والمعاهدة المؤسسة للمجتمع الاوروبي (روما), والأخيرة تم تعديل اسمها ليصبح 'معاهدة تفعيل الاتحاد الاوروبي'. وتتكون فقط من cross-references تعدل المعاهدات الحالية, وغير مقصود منها أن تكون في حد ذاتها نصاً عادياً, على النقيض من الدستور الاوروبي التي كانت وثيقة واحدة قابلة للقراءة.

المعاهدة تنقسم إلى عدة أجزاء:

Article 1: Preamble


بنود الإتفاقية

- يتم مستقبلاً اختيار رئيس المجلس الأوروبي في وظيفة رئيس لمجلس الاتحاد لمدة عامين ونصف.

- التمثيل الخارجي للإتحاد الأوروبي: يقوم الممثل الأعلى لسياسة الاتحاد الأوروبي الخارجية والأمنية بإدارة مجلس وزراء الخارجية ويتولى منصب نائب رئيس المفوضية الأوروبية.

- إدخال الأغلبية المزدوجة ومواصلة خفض المجالات التي يتم فيها التصويت دون معارضة يعملان على تسهيل عملية اتخاذ القرارات بصورة ملموسة.

- ستكون موضوعات حماية المناخ وأمن الطاقة بمثابة حجر الزاوية للسياسة الأوروبية.

- يتم التوسع في التعاون الذي يشمل الدول في مجالات الشرطة والقضاء.

- يصبح الاتحاد الأوروبي أكثر شفافية وكفاءة، كما يتم الفصل بشكل واضح بين المهام والاختصاصات فيما بين الاتحاد والدول الأعضاء.

- تعزيز الديمقراطية وحماية القانون الأساسي في الاتحاد الأوروبي.

- تحسين الشرعية الديمقراطية للاتحاد الأوروبي وحماية الحقوق الأساسية للمواطنين بشكل كبير.

- يتم توسيع اختصاصات البرلمان الأوروبي، حيث يصبح إلى جانب المجلس مشرعاً على قدم المساواة، كما سيقوم مستقبلاً باختيار رئيس المفوضية الأوروبية.

- تعزيز حقوق المشاركة في التأثير والرقابة للبرلمانات الوطنية.

- تصبح رغبات المواطنين الأوروبيين قابلة للتحقق، حيث يستطيع المواطنون من مختلف الدول الأعضاء مطالبة المفوضية الأوروبية باقتراح قانون ما، وذلك بجمع مليون توقيع على الأقل.

- يصبح ميثاق الإتحاد الأوروبي للحقوق الأساسية من خلال معاهدة لشبونة أمراً ملزماً قانوناً.

 
Although ratified by most member states, the TCE failed after rejection in French and Dutch referenda.

قيد التنفيذ

الهدف هو الوصول لتنفيذ هذه الإتفاقية في غضون يناير 2009 ، وقد تم في جميع دول الاتحاد الأوروبي تقريباً المصادقة على معاهدة الإصلاح من خلال البرلمانات ، فقط في إيرلندا هناك تمسك بأن يُجرى تصويت شعبي ؛ وفي ألمانيا هناك سعي للحصول على موافقة من البرلمان الألماني والمجلس الاتحادي حتى 23 مايو 2008.

 
Angela Merkel brokered a draft treaty agreement in June 2007

أحكام خاصة بالنسبة للدول الأعضاء

المملكة المتحدة وبولندا

The United Kingdom and Poland have both fought for the inclusion of a protocol to prevent the full application of the "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union" by the European Court of Justice in their countries, although it would still bind the EU institutions and apply to the field of EU law:

”

Article 1
1. The Charter does not extend the ability of the Court of Justice of the European Union, or any court or tribunal of Poland or of the United Kingdom, to find that the laws, regulations or administrative provisions, practices or action of Poland or of the United Kingdom are inconsistent with the fundamental rights, freedoms and principles that it reaffirms.
2. In particular, and for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in Title IV of the Charter creates justiciable rights applicable to Poland or the United Kingdom except in so far as Poland or the United Kingdom has provided for such rights in its national law.
Article 2
To the extent that a provision of the Charter refers to national laws and practices, it shall only apply to Poland or the United Kingdom to the extent that the rights or principles that it contains are recognised in the law or practices of Poland or of the United Kingdom.

“

—Reform Treaty - Protocol (No 7)[19]

Though the Civic Platform party in Poland had signalled during the 2007 parliamentary elections that it would not seek to opt-out from the Charter,[15] Prime Minister Tusk has since stated that Poland will not sign up to the Charter. Tusk declared that the deals negotiated by the previous Polish government will be honoured,[20] though suggested that Poland may eventually sign up to the Charter at a later date.[21]

أيرلندا والمملكة المتحدة

The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom have opted out from the change from unanimous decisions to qualified majority voting in the sector of police and judicial affairs; this decision will be reviewed in Ireland three years after the treaty enters into force (if referendum allows). Both states will be able to opt-in on these voting issues on a case-by-case basis.

Member States can have opt-outs from some of these policy areas (e.g. UK opt-out from some legislation in the area of freedom, security and justice).

The Treaty will provide countries with a chance to opt out of certain EU policies in the area of police and criminal law – as pushed for by the UK, supported by the Czech Republic.[22] Provisions in the Treaty framework draft from the June 2007 summit stated that the division of power between Member States and the Union is a two-way process, implying that powers can be taken back from the union.


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التصديق على المعاهدة

The Lisbon Treaty was signed on 13 December 2007 and is scheduled to be ratified in all Member States by the end of 2008, entering into force on 1 يناير 2009 ahead of the next European elections. If there is a delay in ratification pushing it beyond that date, it will come into force on the first day of the month following the last ratification.[23]

Most states have or will ratify through parliamentary vote, but Ireland is obliged to hold a referendum by its constitution. Additionally, there were unsuccessful calls for the government to hold referenda in some other member states.

Hungary's national assembly was the first to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon on 17 December 2007. Since then, the number of Member States which have completed ratification has risen to thirteen of the total twenty-seven.

Signatory Final vote date الغرفة     تغيب Deposition[24] Ref.
  نمسا 9 أبريل 2008 National Council 151 27 0 [25]
24 أبريل 2008 Federal Council 58 4 0 [26]
  بلجيكا 6 مارس 2008 Senate 48 8 1 [27][28]
10 أبريل 2008 Chamber of Representatives 116 18 7 [29]
Mid-July 2008 البرلمان الإقليمي لبروكسل [28]
منتصف يوليو 2008 البرلمان الفلمنكي [28]
منتصف يوليو 2008 برلمان والون [28]
Mid-July 2008 برلمان المجتمع الفرنسي [28]
منتصف يوليو 2008 برلمان المجتمع الناطق بالألمانية [28]
  بلغاريا 21 March 2008 المجلس الوطني 195 15 30 28 أبريل 2008 [30] [31]
  قبرص TBD House of Representatives
  التشيك TBD Chamber of Deputies
TBD Senate
  الدنمارك 24 أبريل 2008 Diet 90 25 0 [32]
  إستونيا May 2008 Diet [33]
  فنلندا incl.
  أولاند		 Autumn 2008 Parliament [34]
TBD Åland Parliament [35]
  فرنسا [36] 7 فبراير 2008 National Assembly 336 52 22 14 فبراير 2008 [37]
7 فبراير 2008 Senate 265 42 13 [38]
  ألمانيا 24 أبريل 2008 Federal Diet 515 58 1 [39] [40]
23 May 2008 Federal Council [41]
  اليونان Spring 2008 Assembly of the Greeks
  المجر 17 December 2007 National Assembly 325 5 14 6 فبراير 2008 [42]
  أيرلندا 12 يونيو 2008 Referendum [43]
TBD House of Representatives
TBD Senate
  إيطاليا TBD Chamber of Deputies
TBD Senate of the Republic
  لاتفيا 8 May 2008 Diet 70 3 1 [44]
  لتوانيا 8 مايو 2008 Diet 83 5 23 [45]
  لوكسمبورگ يونيو 2008 Chamber of Deputies [46]
  مالطا 29 يناير 2008 House of Representatives 65 0 0 6 فبراير 2008 [47]
  هولندا يونيو 2008 الغرفة الثانية [48]
Autumn 2008 First Chamber
  بولندا 1 أبريل 2008 House of Representatives 384 56 12 [49]
2 أبريل 2008 Senate 74 17 6
  البرتغال 23 أبريل2008 Assembly of the Republic 208 22 0 [50]
  رومانيا 4 فبراير 2008 Parliament 387 1 1 [51] [52]
  سلوفاكيا 10 أبريل 2008 National Council 103 5 1 [53] [54]
  سلوفينيا 29 يناير 2008 National Assembly 74 6 0 24 أبريل 2008 [55]
  إسپانيا TBD Congress of Deputies
TBD Senate
  السويد November 2008 Diet
  المملكة المتحدة
incl.  الجبل الأسود		 11 March 2008 House of Commons 346 206 81 [56][57]
11 يونيو 2008 House of Lords [58]
TBD Gibraltar Parliament [59]
  الاتحاد الأوروپي 20 فبراير 2008 European Parliament 525 115 29 N/A [60] [61]

جمهورية التشيك

قرر مجلس الشيوخ التشيكي أن يؤجل التصويت على المعاهدة وطلب من المحكمة الدستورية رأيها في المعاهدة ليرى إذا ما كانت متفقة مع القانون أم لا.[62]

ألمانيا

A court case at the Constitutional Court of Germany may delay the passage of the treaty.[63]

أيرلندا

للمزيد من المعلومات: Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

Due to a provision in its constitution Ireland is the only Member State set to hold a referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon, in addition to a parliamentary vote. An opinion poll released 11 May showed 38% intending to vote 'yes', 28% to vote 'no', and 34% were undecided.[64]

المملكة المتحدة

The Treaty of Lisbon was greeted with controversy in the United Kingdom.[65] The main argument of the largest opposition party was that the ruling Labour Party had promised a referendum over the country's ratification of the Constitution, but would not hold one on the Treaty of Lisbon. In response, the Government argued that the treaty does not require a referendum due to the UK's special provisions in the Treaty.[66] The House of Commons approved the Treaty 5 March 2008.[67]

انظر أيضا

قالب:Topics on the Treaty of Lisbon

 
The signing ceremony was held inside the Jerónimos Monastery

وصلات خارجية

 
مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Reform Treaty

| Reform Treaty

]].
  اقرأ اقتباسات ذات علاقة بمعاهدة لشبونة، في معرفة الاقتباس.
     

مواقع رسمية

الإعلام

المصادر

  1. ^ وزارة الخارجية الألمانية - المركز الإعلامي
  2. ^ "Constitutional Treaty: the "reflection period"". EurActiv.com. 2007-06-01. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ "http://www.iue.it/RSCAS/e-texts/ACED2007_NewTreatyMemorandum-04_06.pdf"" (PDF). Action Committee for European Democracy. 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2008-03-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |title= (help)
  4. ^ ويكيبدياالإنجليزية
  5. ^ أ ب George Pascoe-Watson (June 22 2007). "EU can't mention the war". The Sun. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ أ ب "Presidency Conclusions Brussels European Council 21/22 June 2007" (PDF). Council of the European Union. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Honor Mahony (21 June 2007). "Stakes high as EU tries to put 2005 referendums behind it". EU Observer. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Bruno Waterfield and Toby Helm (23 July 2007). "EU treaty must be re-written, warn MPs". The Daily Telegraph. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Draft Reform Treaty – Projet de traité modificatif". Council of the European Union. 24 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "Parliament to give green light for IGC". Euractiv.com. 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-07-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Kubosova, Lucia (2007-07-20). "Poland indicates it is ready to compromise on EU voting rights". EU Observer. Retrieved 2007-07-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "EU talks to thrash out new treaty". BBC News. 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2007-07-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "EU unveils bulky new treaty draft". EU Observer. 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-07-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "ICTU threatens to oppose EU treaty". RTE.ie. 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
  15. ^ أ ب Staff writer (2007-10-22). "Poland's new government will adopt EU rights charter: official". EUbusiness. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1=, |2=, |3=, |4=, |5=, and |6= (help)
  16. ^ "EU leaders agree new treaty deal". BBC News Online. 19 October 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Declaration ad Article 222 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union on the number of Advocates-General in the Court of Justice (pdf).
  18. ^ AFP: Government wins first round in battle over EU treaty
  19. ^ IGC 2007 (October 2007). "Protocol (No 7) - On the Application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights to Poland and to the United Kingdom" (PDF). Projet de traité modifiant le traité sur l'Union européenne et le traité instituant la Communauté européenne - Protocoles. European Union.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Staff writer (2007-11-23). "No EU rights charter for Poland". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-11-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1=, |2=, |3=, |4=, |5=, and |6= (help)
  21. ^ "Russia poll vexes EU and Poland". BBC News Online. 4 December 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Honor Mahony (20 June 2007). "EU treaty blueprint sets stage for bitter negotiations". EU Observer. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Reform/Lisbon Treaty: Finalization, Ratification and Entry into Force, EU law blog
  24. ^ Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Treaty requires that instruments of ratification be deposited with the Government of Italy in order for the Treaty to enter into force. Each country deposits the instrument of ratification after its internal ratification process is finalized by all required state bodies (parliament and the head of state). Deposition details
  25. ^ "Große Mehrheit für den Vertrag von Lissabon" (Press release) (in German). Press Office of the Parliament of Austria. 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-10.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  26. ^ http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/PR/JAHR_2008/PK0365/PK0365.shtml
  27. ^ "Minutes of the Plenary Session of Thursday 6 March 2008 (4-19)" (PDF) (in Dutch/French). The Belgian Senate. pp. p. 62. Retrieved 2008-03-13. {{cite web}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  28. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Belgian senate approves EU's Lisbon treaty". EUbusiness.com. 2008-03-06.
  29. ^ "Kamer keurt Verdrag van Lissabon goed" (in Dutch). De Morgen. pp. p. 1. Retrieved 2008-04-11. {{cite web}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  30. ^ EU newcomer Bulgaria to ratify EU reform treaty Friday — EUbusiness.com - business, legal and financial news and information from the European Union
  31. ^ Press release of the National Assembly of Bulgaria
  32. ^ "Danish parliament ratifies EU's Lisbon Treaty". 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  33. ^ EurActiv.com - Ratifying the Treaty of Lisbon | EU - European Information on EU Treaty & Institutions
  34. ^ EurActiv.com - Ratifying the Treaty of Lisbon | EU - European Information on EU Treaty & Institutions
  35. ^ Åland is an autonomous province of Finland. It is part of European Union, but is subject of certain exemptions. Åland Parliament ratification is not necessary for the Treaty to enter into force, but is needed for its provisions to apply on the territory of Åland islands.
  36. ^ 20 December 2007 the constitutional Council has partially thought incompatibli with the French Constitution some dispositions of the treaty therefore before proceeding to ratifies formal of the text is being proceeded to modify the French constitution. A plan of constitutional reform has been approved of from the National Assembly 16 يناير 2008, from the Senate 29 يناير 2008 and from the Conference, formed from the National Assembly and the Senate re-united in common sitting 4 فبراير 2008. The law of constitutional review has been published in the Journal Officiel 5 فبراير 2008, day to leave from which France can proceed to ratifies.
  37. ^ Assemblée nationale - Analyse du scrutin n°83 - Séance du : 07/02/2008
  38. ^ Sénat - Compte rendu analytique officiel du 7 février 2008
  39. ^ http://www.bundestag.de/parlament/plenargeschehen/to/157.html
  40. ^ http://www.bundestag.de/aktuell/archiv/2008/20217626_kw17_lissabon/abstimmung.html
  41. ^ EUobserver.com
  42. ^ Híradó
  43. ^ http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhojojidojau/
  44. ^ "Latvia, Lithuania ratify Lisbon treaty". The Irish Times. 2008-05-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |accessadate= ignored (help)
  45. ^ "Lithuania ratifies Lisbon treaty". RTE. 2008-05-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |accessadate= ignored (help)
  46. ^ EurActiv.com - Ratifying the Treaty of Lisbon | EU - European Information on EU Treaty & Institutions
  47. ^ Javno - World
  48. ^ "Verdrag van Lissabon" (in Dutch). Europees Parlement - Bureau Den Haag. 2008-04-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  49. ^ http://euobserver.com/9/25900
  50. ^ "Parlamento português ratificou Tratado de Lisboa" (in Portuguese). Publico.pt. 2008-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  51. ^ Pursuant to the Constitution, the ratification occurred in a joint session of both houses.
  52. ^ Romanian parliament ratifies Lisbon Treaty
  53. ^ http://euobserver.com/9/25954/?rk=1
  54. ^ (سلوڤاكية) The treaty of Lisbon was ratified thanks to opposition party
  55. ^ Slovenia ratifies Lisbon treaty : Europe World
  56. ^ House of Commons voting does not permit Members to abstain. 81 Members were able to vote but did not do so.
  57. ^ EU treaty bill clears the Commons
  58. ^ Bills and Legislation - European Union (Amendment) Bill
  59. ^ Gibraltar is a British overseas territory. It is part of European Union, but is subject of certain exemptions. Gibraltar Parliament ratification is not necessary for the Treaty to enter into force, but changes in the legislation are needed for its provisions to apply on the territory of Gibraltar.
  60. ^ The European Union is not a legal body nor a normal signatory of the treaty, hence the European Parliament's vote on the treaty is not a ratification per se.
  61. ^ European Parliament approve EU's Lisbon Treaty
  62. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/24/europe/EU-GEN-Czech-EU-Treaty.php
  63. ^ theparliament.com - German legal case 'could delay' EU treaty
  64. ^ "Poll shows increase in Lisbon Treaty support". Ireland.com. 2008-05-11.
  65. ^ "BBC News looks at press responses to the treaty". BBC. يونيو 24 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  66. ^ Patrick Wintour (يونيو 22 2007). "Blair lays down lines over EU deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  67. ^ EU treaty bill clears the Commons

قالب:European Union-related topics

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