المعرفة

جورج تاون، پنانگ

جورج تاون George Town هي عاصمة ولاية پنانگ في ماليزيا. جورج تاون هي ثالث أكبر مدينة في ماليزيا من حيث التعداد بتعداد 708,127 نسمة اعتبارا من 2010، بينما پنانگ الكبرى هي ثاني أكبر تجمع حضري في ماليزيا بعد كوالا لمپور الكبرى بتعداد 2,412,616 نسمة.[6][7][8] وقد قـُيـِّد القلب التاريخي لجورج تاون كـ موقع تراث عالمي من اليونسكو منذ 2008.[9]

جورج تاون
مدينة و عاصمة ولاية
مدينة جزيرة پنانگ
Bandaraya Pulau Pinang
الترجمة اللفظية بالـ غيرهم
 • جاويجورج تاون
 • الصينية乔治市 (المبسطة)
喬治市 (التقليدية)
 • هوك‌ين坡底
Pho-té (تهجي هوك‌ين پنانگ)
 • تاميلஜோர்ஜ் டவுன்
جورج تاڤون (النسخ الحرفي)
Penang Bridge Penang Island Malaysia jan 2012 (cropped).jpg
Cmglee Penang Eastern and Oriental Hotel pool.jpg
Penang Malaysia Queen-Victoria-Diamond-Jubilee-Clocktower-01.jpg
2018 New Year Fireworks in George Town, Penang.jpg
Penang City Hall.jpg
من أعلى، من اليسار إلى اليمين:
جسر پنانگ، فندق پنانگ إيسترن آند أورينتال، برج ساعة اليوبيل، خط أفق وسط البلد مع منظر برج كومتار، ومبنى مدينة پنانگ.
علم جورج تاون
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ جورج تاون
Seal
الكنية: 
لؤلؤة الشرق[1]
الشعار: 
بالريادة نخدم
(ملايو: Memimpin Sambil Berkhidmat)
جورج تاون is located in ماليزيا
جورج تاون
جورج تاون
   جورج تاون باللون    ماليزيا
جورج تاون is located in آسيا
جورج تاون
جورج تاون
جورج تاون (آسيا)
جورج تاون is located in الأرض
جورج تاون
جورج تاون
جورج تاون (الأرض)
الإحداثيات: 05°24′52″N 100°19′45″E / 5.41444°N 100.32917°E / 5.41444; 100.32917Coordinates: 05°24′52″N 100°19′45″E / 5.41444°N 100.32917°E / 5.41444; 100.32917
البلدماليزيا ماليزيا
State پنانگ
المناطق الادارية
تأسست11 أغسطس 1786
أُشهـِرت1857
مستعمرة التاج البريطاني1 أبريل 1867 – 31 أغسطس 1957
الاحتلال الياباني19 ديسمبر 1941 – 3 سبتمبر 1945
وضع المدينة1 يناير 1957[2]
الحكومة
 • الحكم المحليمجلس مدينة جزيرة پنانگ
 • العمدةيو توڠ سياڠ
المساحة
[3]
 • مدينة و عاصمة ولاية305٫77 كم² (118٫06 ميل²)
 • العمران
2٬563٫15 كم² (989٫64 ميل²)
المنسوب
[4]
14 m (46 ft)
التعداد
 (2010)[5]
 • مدينة و عاصمة ولاية708٬127 (الثالثة)
 • الكثافة2٬372/km2 (6٬140/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
2٬412٬616 (الثانية)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+8 (MST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)غير مُتـَّبع
الرمز البريدي
100xx to 108xx
111xx to 118xx
مفتاح الهاتف+6042
تسجيل السياراتP
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.mbpp.gov.my
موقع تراث عالمي لليونسكو
جزء منملقا وجورج تاون، المدن التاريخية على مضائق ملقا
السماتثقافية: ii, iii, iv
مراجع1223-002
التدوين2008 (32nd Session)
المساحة109.38 ha
منطقة عازلة150.04 ha

تأسست كمنفذ تجاري علي يد فرانسس لايت من شركة الهند الشرقية في 1786، كانت جورج تاون أول مستوطنة بريطانية في جنوب شرق آسيا.[10] ومع سنغافورة و ملقا، شكلت جورج تاون جزءاً من مستوطنات المضائق، التي أصبحت مستعمرة للتاج البريطاني في 1867. وقد أخضعتها اليابان أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، قبل أن يعيد البريطانيون الاستيلاء عليها في نهاية الحرب. وقـُبيل حصول الملايو على استقلالها من البريطانيين في 1957، أُعلِنت جورج تاون مدينة من قِبل الملكة إلزابث الثانية، جاعلة إياها أول مدينة في التاريخ الحديث للبلد.

بسبب امتزاج الأعراق والديانات المختلفة التي وصلت إلى شواطئها، اكتسبت جورج تاون تشكيلة متباينة من الطرازات المعمارية الاستعمارية والآسيوية.[11] كما اكتسبت سمعة كعاصمة تذوق الطعام في ماليزيا لطعام الشارع المتميز والمنتشر في كل مكان فيها.[12][13][14] علاوة على ذلك، تضم المدينة تراثاً ثقافياً فريداً، مثل الپرانكن، الذين تبقى آثارهم شاخصة في عمارة ومطبخ پنانگ.

تضم مدينة جورج تاون منطقة بيان لپاس الصناعية، وهي مركز تصنيع التقنيات العالية الذي يُعتبر "سيليكون ڤالي الشرق".[15][16] تُعد المدينة أيضًا المركز المالي لشمال ماليزيا والمركز الأكثر حيوية في البلاد للسياحة الطبية.[17][18][19] ولوجستياً، يربط مطار پنانگ الدولي جورج تاون بالعديد من المدن الإقليمية الرئيسية، بينما خدمة عبـّارات وجسر پنانگ وجسر پنانگ الثاني يربطون المدينة بباقي شبه الجزيرة الماليزية. بينما برز رصيف سوِتنهام بجورج تاون كأزحم مرفأ تعريج في ماليزيا للبواخر السياحية.[20][21]

سميت باسم جورج الثالث ملك بريطانيا، وتقع جورج تاون في الركن الشمالي الشرقي من جزيرة پنانگ.

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التاريخ

الانتماءات التاريخية الفترة
  سلطنة قدح 1136–1786
  شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية 1786–1867
  مستوطنات المضائق 1826–1941؛ 1945–1946
  امبراطورية اليابان 1941–1945
  اتحاد الملايو 1946–1948
  فدرالية الملايو 1948–1963
  ماليزيا 1963–الحاضر


في ع1770، أمرت شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية فرانسس لايت، الكاپتن في البحرية الملكية البريطانية، بإنشاء علاقات تجارية في شبه جزيرة الملايو.[22][23] إثر ذلك، هبط لايت في قدح، الدولة الخاضعة لسيام والمهدَّدة من كلٍ من سيام وبورما، وكذلك مهددة من ثورة داخلية يقوم بها البوقـِس.[22][24] Aware of this situation, Light formed friendly relations with the then Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II, and promised British military protection, while the Sultan reciprocally offered Penang Island, then part of Kedah.[22][25][26]

Although Light subsequently reported on this offer to his superiors, it was only in 1786 when he was finally ordered to obtain Penang Island from Kedah.[10][22][25] The British East India Company sought control of the island as a Royal Navy base, and as a trading post between China and India.[23] To that end, Light negotiated with the new Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah, regarding the cession of the island to the British East India Company in exchange for British military aid.[10][22][27] After an agreement was signed between Light and the Sultan, Light and his entourage sailed on to Penang Island, where they arrived on 17 July 1786.[28][29]

The area where Light first landed, which is now the Esplanade, was originally a swamp covered in thick jungle.[22][23] Once the area was cleared, a simple ceremony was held on 11 August, during which the Union Jack was raised. Penang Island was renamed the Prince of Wales Island after the heir to the British throne, while the new settlement of George Town was created in honour of King George III.[30][31]

Light developed George Town as a free port, thus allowing merchants to trade without having to pay any form of tax or duties. The policy's intent was to entice traders from the Dutch ports in the region.[32] The number of incoming vessels rose from 85 in 1786 to 3,569 in 1802; George Town's population had also increased to 10,000 by 1792.[33][34][35]

A committee of assessors was established in 1800, making it the first local council to be established in British Malaya.[36] Meanwhile, a Supreme Court was established at Fort Cornwallis in 1808.[37][38]


الفترة الاستعمارية

 
خريطة من عام 1799 لجورج تاون

In the early 19th century, Penang Island became a centre of spice production within Southeast Asia. Spices such as nutmeg, clove and pepper, produced from the spice farms throughout the island, were exported via the Port of Penang in George Town.[39][40] The spice trade also allowed the British East India Company to cover the administrative costs of Penang.[41]

In 1826, George Town was made the capital of the Straits Settlements, an administrative polity that was also composed of Singapore and Malacca. However, the capital was then shifted to Singapore in 1832, as the latter had usurped George Town's position as the region's preeminent harbour.[42]

 
The Port of Penang at Weld Quay in the 1910s

Nonetheless, George Town retained its importance as a vital British entrepôt.[43][44] Due to the opening of the Suez Canal, the advent of steam ships and a tin mining boom in the Malay Peninsula, the Port of Penang became a major tin-exporting harbour.[45][46] By the end of the 19th century, as mercantile firms and banks, including Standard Chartered and HSBC, flocked into George Town, the city also evolved into a leading financial centre in Malaya.[29][46]

الحربان العالميتان

 
The Cenotaph was built in honour of fallen Allied servicemen of World War I.[47]
 
British Royal Marines liberating George Town from the Japanese on 3 September 1945.

At the start of World War I in 1914, the Battle of Penang occurred, during which SMS Emden, an Imperial German Navy cruiser, sank two Allied warships off the coast of George Town. 147 French and Russian sailors were killed.[48]


بعد الحرب

 
الكورنيش، حيث أسس فرانسس لايت جورج تاون في 1786، كان أيضاً الذي أُعلِن فيه حصول جورج تاون على وضع "مدينة" في 1957.[49]

بعد الاستقلال

النهضة

 
تسونامي المحيط الهندي 2004 ضرب الساحل الشمالي لجورج تاون.

The city's decline continued into the early 2000s. In 2001, the Rent Control Act, which had protected the low-income residents and smaller businesses within the city centre from arbitrary rental hikes, was repealed.[50][51][52] Consequently, residents moved out of the city's historical core, leaving its colonial-era buildings in disrepair. Meanwhile, an incoherent urban planning policy and poor traffic management led to worsening traffic congestion, while decades of brain drain also took its toll as the city lacked the expertise to regulate urban development.[27][53][54]


الحكم والسياسة

الحكم المحلي

 
مقر مجلس المدينة، بُني في 1903، وهو اليوم مقر مجلس مدينة جزيرة پنانگ.
المقالة الرئيسية: مجلس مدينة جزيرة پنانگ

الادارة المحلية لجورج تاون وكل جزيرة پنانگ يقوم بها مجلس مدينة جزيرة پنانگ، الذي يقع ضمن اختصاص حكومة ولاية پنانگ. بتاريخ يعود إلى 1800، فإنها أقدم حكومة محلية في ماليزيا وخليفة أول مجلس مدينة في ماليزيا – مجلس مدينة جورج تاون.[36]

حكومة الولاية

 
مبنى مجلس ولاية پنانگ في شارع لايت، مقر المجلس التشريعي لپنانگ
انظر أيضاً: المجلس التشريعي لولاية پنانگ, المجلس التنفيذي لولاية پنانگ, and دوائر پنانگ

كعاصمة ولاية پنانگ، George Town is the seat of the حكومة ولاية پنانگ. The Office of the Chief Minister of Penang is housed within the Komtar Tower, Penang's tallest skyscraper.[55] المجلس التشريعي لولاية پنانگ، أحادي الغرفة، ينعقد في مبنى مجلس الولاية في شارع لايت.[29] حاكم پنانگ، رأس الولاية، يوجد مقره الرسمي أيضاً في المدينة.[40]

القضاء

 
محكمة پنانگ العليا في شارع لايت

النظام القضائي الماليزي ترجع جذوره إلى جورج تاون. فبحلول عام 1807، مُنحت بينانج الميثاق الملكي الذي نص على إنشاء محكمة عليا وتعيين أول قاضي للمحكمة العليا، والذي عـُيـِّن باسم "المُسجـِّل".[37][38]


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السكان

According to the 2010 Census conducted by the Malaysian federal government, George Town had a population of 708,127.[7] More recent estimates from Malaysia's Department of Statistics indicated that about 738,500 inhabitants lived within this cosmopolitan city اعتبارا من 2012.[56] These figures placed George Town as Malaysia's second largest city by population.[7]

In addition, Greater Penang, which also covers Seberang Perai, and parts of neighbouring Kedah and Perak, was home to 2,412,616 residents اعتبارا من 2010.[7] Thus, Greater Penang is the most populous metropolitan area in Malaysia outside the Klang Valley (Greater Kuala Lumpur).[57]

الأعراق

التركيب العرقي لجورج تاون (2010)[58]
العرق / القومية النسبة المئوية
صينيون
  
 53.07%
ملايو
  
 31.20%
بومي‌پوترا آخرون
  
 0.47%
هنود
  
 8.98%
غيرهم
  
 0.39%
غير ماليزيين
  
 5.89%

According to Malaysia's Department of Statistics, George Town is a Chinese-majority city; اعتبارا من 2010, over 53% of the urban population consisted of ethnic Chinese، بما في ذلك الـپرانكن.[58] الـبومي‌پوترا، الذين يضمون عرق الملايو و East Malaysian indigenous races like the Dayaks and Kadazans, collectively made up almost 32% of the city's population.[59][60] Ethnic Indians comprised another 9% of George Town's population. These are in addition to small, but prominent, Eurasian and Siamese minorities.[61] In particular, most of the nearly 1,500 Eurasians remain concentrated at the Pulau Tikus suburb.[62][63]

 
قصر پينانگ پرانكن يضم آلاف التحف من الپرانكن.

The Peranakans, descendants of mixed Malay and Chinese ancestries, were once the political and business elites in George Town. They held the top positions in some of the city's most influential associations, such as the Penang Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Penang Straits Chinese British Association.[64] As the Peranakans tended to be more loyal to the British Crown than to China, they were also known as the King's Chinese.[65][66] In spite of Malaysia's ethnic policies that have effectively forced the Peranakans to identify themselves as Chinese, Peranakan culture still thrives in George Town to this day, in the form of Straits Chinese architectural styles and dishes like asam laksa.[67]

George Town currently has a sizeable expatriate population, especially from Singapore, Japan and various Asian countries as well as the United Kingdom, many of whom chose to retire in Penang as part of Malaysia My Second Home programme. In recent years, George Town has been acknowledged as one of the best cities for retirement within Southeast Asia by the likes of CNN and Forbes.[68][69] اعتبارا من 2010, expatriates made up nearly 6% of George Town's population, reflecting the city's popularity amongst foreigners.[58][70]

 
المقبرة اليهودية في جالان زين العابدين (سابقاً الطريق اليهودي) يُعتقد أنها الأقدم في جنوب شرق آسيا.[40]

The city was also once home to Burmese, Filipino, Sinhalese, Japanese, Sumatran, Arab, Armenian and Persian communities.[71] A small but commercially significant community of German merchants existed in George Town as well, as did a Jewish enclave.[72] Even though most of these other communities, including the Jews, are no longer extant, they lent their legacy to numerous street and place names such as the Dhammikarama Temple, Burmah Road, Armenian Street, Jewish Cemetery and Gottlieb Road.[71][73][74]

اللغات

As with other multi-ethnic cities in Malaysia, all four major languages are widely spoken in George Town – Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil. However, George Town, and by extension Penang, is best known for its distinct Hokkien dialect, known as Penang Hokkien.[75]

During the British colonial era, English was the official language. This was helped by the mushrooming of missionary schools throughout George Town, all of which used English as their medium of instruction and were held in high esteem by the locals.[76] Most Penangites still maintain reasonable command of the language; while British English is formally used, spoken English usually takes the form of Manglish.[77]

As in the rest of Malaysia, Malay is currently the official language in George Town. The city's Malays also use a variant of the Kedah Malay dialect, with slight modifications made to the original dialect to suit the conditions of a cosmopolitan city.[78] These modifications include the use of words of Indian origin and the alteration of the final l syllable into i.[78]

Due to their Tamil ancestry, most Indians in George Town speak Tamil. Punjabi and Telugu are also spoken by smaller numbers of Indians.[79][80] Meanwhile, George Town's Chinese population uses a variety of Chinese dialects, including Hakka and Cantonese. Mandarin, more widely used by youths, has been the medium of instruction in Chinese schools throughout Penang.[81]

However, Penang Hokkien serves as the lingua franca of George Town. Originally a variant of the Minnan dialect, over the centuries, Penang Hokkien has incorporated a large number of loanwords from Malay and English. It is spoken by many Penangites regardless of race for communication purposes.[75][82][83] In recent years, there have been more efforts to maintain the dialect's relevance in the face of the increasing influence of Mandarin and English among the younger populace.[84][85]

التصنيف الدولي

صنفت جورج تاون انها من أفضل المدن في آسيا من قِبل آسياويك (Asiaweek) و في المرتبة السادسة في عام 1998 و المرتبة التاسعة في عام 2000.



المواصلات

في الماضي كانت جورج تاون فيها أفضل نظام مواصلات في ماليزيا مثل الترام الكهربائي ، وكذلك الحافلات والحافلات الكهربائية ذات الطابقين.

المناخ

بيانات مناخ جورج تاون
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 31.7
(89) 		31.7
(89) 		31.7
(89) 		31.7
(89) 		31.1
(88) 		31.1
(88) 		30.6
(87) 		30.6
(87) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30.6
(87) 		31.1
(88) 		31٫1
(88)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 23.9
(75) 		23.9
(75) 		24.4
(76) 		24.4
(76) 		24.4
(76) 		24.4
(76) 		23.9
(75) 		23.9
(75) 		23.3
(74) 		23.9
(75) 		23.9
(75) 		23.9
(75) 		23٫9
(75)
هطول mm (inches) 70
(2.76) 		90
(3.54) 		140
(5.51) 		230
(9.06) 		240
(9.45) 		170
(6.69) 		190
(7.48) 		240
(9.45) 		350
(13.78) 		390
(15.35) 		240
(9.45) 		110
(4.33) 		2٬540
(100)
Source: http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=10684&refer=&units=metric

تتميز جورج تاون بمناخ الغابات الاستوائية المطيرة.


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الجغرافيا

أفق المدينة

 
center
 
center

أسماء الشوارع

class=notpageimage|
Locations of George Town and its suburbs


المنتزهات

 
The City Park is also colloquially known as the Youth Park.

الاقتصاد

As the capital city of Penang, one of the most urbanised states in Malaysia, George Town is one of the top contributors of Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and tax income.[86][87][88] According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the city contributed US$12,044, or nearly 8%, of Malaysia's personal disposable income in 2015, second only to Kuala Lumpur.[89] In 2016, George Town was ranked Malaysia's most attractive destination for commercial property investment by Knight Frank, surpassing even Kuala Lumpur.[90] By 2017, Penang's GDP per capita, already the highest among Malaysian states, rose to RM49,873, thereby surpassing the World Bank's threshold to be considered a high-income economy.[91][92] George Town's popularity amongst foreign investors has contributed to Penang gaining the largest share of Malaysia's foreign direct investments within the same year.[93]

Originally established as an entrepôt by the British, George Town's economy is now dominated by other tertiary sub-sectors ranging from manufacturing to finance, whilst newer industries, including entrepreneurial startups, are taking root within the city as well.[15] In addition, George Town serves as the economic pole of northern Malaysia, with relatively wide logistical connectivity.[87] The Penang International Airport is one of the nation's busiest, whilst Swettenham Pier has cemented the city's reputation as a popular destination for cruise shipping.[20][88][94]

التصنيع

 
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone، وتُعرف أيضاً بإسم سيليكون ڤالي الشرق

Since the 1970s, manufacturing formed the backbone of Penang's economy, generating 44.8% of the state's GDP اعتبارا من 2017 and attracting about 3,000 firms to set up operations within the state.[91][95] The Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, dubbed the Silicon Valley of the East, is the main electronics manufacturing hub within Malaysia.[15][16][96] Located at the southeastern corner of Penang Island, the zone is home to various high-tech multinational firms, including Dell, Intel, AMD, Motorola, Agilent, Renesas, Osram, Bosch, Sony and Seagate.

التمويل

 
Standard Chartered and HSBC (left) at Beach Street.

George Town was the centre of banking in Malaysia at a time when Kuala Lumpur was still a small outpost. The oldest bank in Malaysia, Standard Chartered, opened its main branch in George Town in 1875 to cater to the financial requirements of early European traders.[29][46] This was followed by HSBC in 1885 and the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1888.[29][46]

Today, George Town remains the banking hub of northern Malaysia, with branches of major international banks such as Standard Chartered, HSBC, Citibank, UOB, OCBC, Bank of China and Bank Negara Malaysia (Malaysian central bank).[97] Most of the foreign banks still maintain their Penang headquarters at Beach Street, which serves as the city's main Central Business District.[46]

Since the 1990s, Northam Road, along with Gurney Drive, has evolved into George Town's second Central Business District.[98] Northam Road is now home to a cluster of financial services, with a number of accounting, auditing and insurance firms based along this coastal road.[99] In addition to these, the Employees Provident Fund, run by the Malaysian federal government, operates an office at the road as well.[100]

The financial sector and its related industries, such as insurance, auditing and real estate transactions, accounted for over 8% of Penang's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) اعتبارا من 2017.[91]

السياحة

 
The Church of the Assumption is the oldest Catholic church in northern Malaysia.[101]
انظر أيضاً: International rankings of George Town, Penang

George Town has always been one of the most popular tourist destinations in Malaysia. Throughout history, the city has even welcomed some of the most influential personalities, including Somerset Maugham, Rudyard Kipling, Noël Coward, Lee Kuan Yew and Queen Elizabeth II.[102][103]

 
The Rainbow Skywalk at the top of Komtar Tower is the highest outdoor glass footwalk in Malaysia.[104]

In recent years, George Town has received numerous international accolades, further putting the city on the world stage.[105] The city has been listed by various publications, including the Lonely Planet, Forbes and Time, as one of the top travel destinations in Asia.[14][106][107][108][109] These are in addition to George Town's reputation as a gastronomic haven, with the CNN placing the city as one of Asia's best street food cities.[12]

العمارة

المقالة الرئيسية: Architecture of Penang

Centuries of development have brought a mix of architectural styles to George Town, both historical and modern. The oldest portion of the city centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, while outside the UNESCO zone lies the modern cityscape, with skyscrapers, residential high-rises, office blocks and shopping malls built all over the city.[9][110]

العمارة التاريخية

 
Wat Chaiyamangkalaram at Pulau Tikus was constructed in 1845 by ethnic Siamese.

Most of George Town's famous heritage landmarks, including Fort Cornwallis, the City Hall, the High Court, St. George's Church and the Eastern & Oriental Hotel are located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site.[46] The city's main Central Business District at Beach Street, also within the UNESCO zone, is home to banks built in various Art Deco-based hybrid styles.[29][46][111] Colonial-era bungalows, such as The Residency and Suffolk House, can be found throughout the city as well.[29]

الثقافة

المقالة الرئيسية: ثقافة پنانگ

الطعام

 
A bowl of asam laksa, Penang's most famous hawker dish. It was ranked 7th in CNN's list of the world's 50 best foods.[112]
المقالة الرئيسية: Penang cuisine

George Town, long known as the food capital of Malaysia, is renowned for its good and varied street food, incorporating Malay, Chinese, Indian, Peranakan, Thai and European influences into its literal melting pot.[13]

The city has been recognised as one of Asia's top street food cities by CNN, as well the world's top culinary destination by the Lonely Planet in 2014.[12][13] These were in addition to the Time magazine in 2004, which acclaimed Penang as having the best street food in Asia.[بحاجة لمصدر]

فن الشارع

 
One of the dozens of wrought iron caricatures that have been put up within George Town.

In 2012, as part of the annual George Town Festival, Lithuanian artist Ernest Zacharevic created a series of wall murals depicting local culture, inhabitants and lifestyles.[113] They now stand as celebrated cultural landmarks of George Town, with Children on a Bicycle becoming one of the most photographed spots in the city.[114]

المتاحف

 
The Penang State Museum and Art Gallery formerly housed the Penang Free School until 1927.[46]

The Penang State Museum and Art Gallery houses relics, photographs, maps, and other artifacts that document the history and culture of Penang.[115] Other museums within the city focus on religious and cultural aspects, as well as famous personalities, including the Penang Islamic Museum, Sun Yat-sen Museum, P. Ramlee's House, Batik Painting Museum, and Universiti Sains Malaysia Museum and Gallery.[116][117]

الرعاية الصحية

 
Gleneagles Medical Centre


معرض الصور

  • Lebuh Pantai (Beach Street)

  • Fort Cornwallis, the first British settlement on Penang

  • Buddhist Kek Lok Si Temple

  • Kapitan Keling Mosque

  • Islamic Museum

  • Buddhist Khoo Kongsi Temple

  • The colonial Eastern & Oriental Hotel

  • Jewish Cemetery on Jalan Zainal Abidin (former Jalan Yahudi or Jewish Street)

  • St. George's Church

  • KOMTAR, the highest building of George Town and the state of Penang

  • Jalan Penang (Penang Street)

  • View of George Town

أقرب المدن والبلدات

العلاقات الدولية

القنصليات

أنشأت عدة دول قنصلياتها أو عينت قنصليات فخرية داخل جورج تاون.

المدن الشقيقة

George Town has eight sister cities.

كما لولاية پنانگ شراكة منطقة شقيقة مع محافظة كاناگاوا في اليابان، والتي صـُدِّق عليها في 1991.[140]

التقسيم الشقيق

المدن الصديقة

In addition to the sister cities and areas, George Town has inked five other friendship city agreements.

In 2013, the State of Penang signed a friendship state agreement with Hainan Province in China.[145]

التقسيم الصديق

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

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أدب

  • Khoo Salma Nasution. More Than Merchants: A History of the German-speaking Community in Penang, 1800s-1940s. Areca Books. (2006). ISBN 978-9834283414

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Greater Penang Conurbation

قالب:District of Northeast Penang Island

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