أرخون أثينا

الأَرْخون لقب أهم المسؤولين الإداريين الرئيسيين التسعة في أثينا القديمة. بعد عام 683 ق.م.، كان كل أرخون يحتل المنصب لسنة واحدة. وفي أول الأمر، كان الأرخونات من الأرستقراطيين الأثرياء، وكانوا ينُتخبون للمنصب انتخاباً.

بعد عام 487 ق.م.، كان يتم اختيار الأرخونات بالقُرعة. وكان المسؤولون الآخرون هم الملك والپولمارخ (إحدى وظائف الإدارة في أثينا القديمة) وستة ثسموثيتا (وظائف في الإدارة أيضًا). هؤلاء الموظفون كانوا أحيانًا يسمون بالأرخونات أيضًا.

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قائمة أرخونات أثينا

In the following list of Archons, years where the name of the archon is unknown are identified as such. Years listed as "anarchy" mean that there was literally "no archon". There are various conflicting reconstructions of lists; sources for this list are given at the end. Note that the term of an archon covered two of our years, beginning in the spring or summer and continuing into the next spring or summer. The polemarch or strategoi, basileus, and thesmothetai (the six assistants to the archons) are also listed, where known.


الفترة العتيقة

أرخونات مدى الحياة

The later Athenian tradition varies on the exact position of this line; they held archonship for life, sometimes referred to as "Perpetual Archon", and exercised the sacral powers of kingship, as did the archon basileus later. The historicity of any of this ancient list may be reasonably doubted. Aristotle indicates that Medon and Acastus may have ruled as king rather than Archon.[1]

Year Archon Other notable information
1068–1048 ق.م. Medon (Μέδων)[2] First ruler of Attica after the Greek Dark Ages.
1048–1012 ق.م. Acastus (Ἄκαστος)[3][4] Troy VIIb2 destroyed (c. 1120 BC).
1012–993 ق.م. أرخيپوس[5]
993–952 ق.م. ثرسيپوس[6]
952–922 ق.م. Phorbas (Φόρβας) Troy VIIb3: deserted (c. 950 BC)
922–892 ق.م. Megacles (Μεγακλῆς)
892–864 ق.م. Diognetus
864–845 ق.م. Pherecles[7] Homer composes the Iliad[8] and Odyssey. (c. 850 BC)[9]
845–825 ق.م. Ariphron
824–797 ق.م. Thespieus (Θεσπιεύς)
796–778 ق.م. Agamestor[10]
778–755 ق.م. Aeschylus (Αἰσχύλος) First Olympiad[11][12] (776 BC)
755–753 ق.م. Alcmaeon (Ἀλκμαίων)

Decennial archons

In 753 BC the perpetual archonship by the Eupatridae[13] was limited to 10 years (the "decennial archons"):[14]

Year Archon Other notable information
753–743 ق.م. Charops[15][16] In Rome, Romulus, the first ruler of the city, takes power.[17]
743–733 ق.م. Aesimides[18] In Messenia, First Messenian War begins.
733–723 ق.م. Clidicus[19] Diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics. (724 BC)
723–713 ق.م. Hippomenes[20]
713–703 ق.م. Leocrates
703–693 ق.م. Apsander[21] Hesiod writes "Theogony" (c. 700 BC).
693–683 ق.م. Eryxias Boxing added to the Olympics. (688 BC)[22] Chalcedon colony founded (685 BC).

الأرخونات السنوية

After 683 BC the archonship was limited to one year. Archons resided in the Prytaneum.

Year Eponymous archon[23] Other officials or associated events
682–681 ق.م. Creon Creon is considered by the ancient sources, and most modern authorities, as the first annual archon.[24]
681–680 ق.م. Lysiades Mentioned in the Parian Marble.
680–679 ق.م. Tlesias Pausanias (IV.15.1) dates the beginning of the Second Messenian War to his archonship.
679–671 ق.م. Unknown
671–670 ق.م. Leostratus
670–669 ق.م. Unknown
669–668 ق.م. Pisistratus Pausanias (II.24.7) dates the first Battle of Hysiae to his archonship.
668–667 ق.م. Autosthenes Pausanias (IV.23.4) dates the capture of Eira and the end of the Second Messenian War to his archonship.
667–664 ق.م. Unknown
664–663 ق.م. Miltiades[25]
663–659 ق.م. Unknown
659–658 ق.م. Miltiades[25]
658–645 ق.م. Unknown Pausanias (VIII.39.3) dates the capture of Phigalia by the Spartans to his archonship.
645–644 ق.م. Dropides The Parian Marble associates Dropides with the floruit of Terpander the Lesbian, who developed the music of the lyre.
644–639 ق.م. Unknown
639–638 ق.م. Damasias Thales was born
638–634 ق.م. Unknown
634–633 ق.م. Epaenetus (?)[26]
633–632 ق.م. Unknown
632–631 ق.م. Megacles Cylon attempts to become tyrant
631–624 ق.م. Unknown
624–623 ق.م. Aristaechmus According to the Athenian Constitution, Dracon reformed the laws of Athens during the archonship of Aristaechmus.
623–621 ق.م. Unknown

Reorganized

Year Eponymous archon Other officials or associated events
621–615 ق.م. Unknown
615–614 ق.م. Heniochides
614–605 ق.م. Unknown
605–604 ق.م. Aristocles The Parian Marble associates the archonship of Aristocles with Alyattes becoming king of Lydia.
604–600 ق.م. Unknown
600–599 ق.م. Critias The Parian Marble dates the flight of Sappho from Lesbos to Sicily in the archonship of Critias.
599–597 ق.م. Unknown
597–596 ق.م. Cypselus[27]
596–595 ق.م. Telecles[27]
595–594 ق.م. Philombrotus[27] First Sacred War begins.
594–593 ق.م. Solon Solon reforms Draco's code.
593–592 ق.م. Dropides
592–591 ق.م. Eucrates
591–590 ق.م. Simon
590–589 ق.م. anarchy
589–588 ق.م. Phormion
588–587 ق.م. Philippus
587–586 ق.م. Unknown
586–585 ق.م. anarchy
585–582 ق.م. Unknown Pythian Games reorganised at Delphi.
582–581 ق.م. Damasias According to the Athenian Constitution, Damasias held the archonship for two years and nine months before being expelled.
581–580 ق.م. Damasias Demetrios of Phaleron states that it was during the archonship of Damasias that "Thales was first called wise".
580–579 ق.م. anarchy Committee of 10 men serves jointly as archons[28]
579–578 ق.م. anarchy
578–577 ق.م. Unknown
577–576 ق.م. Archestratidas
576–570 ق.م. Unknown
570–569 ق.م. Aristomenes
569–566 ق.م. Unknown
566–565 ق.م. Hippocleides
565–561 ق.م. Unknown
561–560 ق.م. Komeas The Athenian Constitution dates the usurpation of Pisistratus as tyrant of Athens to the archonship of Komeas.
560–559 ق.م. Hegestratus Phaenias of Eresus dates the death of Solon to the archonship of Hegestratus.
559–556 ق.م. Unknown
556–555 ق.م. Hegesias The Athenian Constitution dates the first expulsion of Peisistratos to the archonship of Hegesias.
555–554 ق.م. Euthidemus
554–548 ق.م. Unknown
548–547 ق.م. Erxicleides Pausanias (X.5.13) dates the destruction by fire of the fourth temple of Delphi to his archonship.
547–546 ق.م. Thespius[27] Pisistratus becomes tyrant again
546–545 ق.م. Phormion[27]
545–536 ق.م. Unknown
536-535 ق.م. [...]naios The Parian Marble dates the first performance of Thespis to the tenure of this archon, whose name is damaged.
535–533 ق.م. Unknown
533–532 ق.م. Thericles
532–528 ق.م. Unknown
528–527 ق.م. Philoneus According to the Athenian Constitution, Philoneus was archon when Pisistratus died and his sons Hippias and Hipparchus succeeded him as tyrants
527–526 ق.م. Onetor[29]
526–525 ق.م. Hippias
525–524 ق.م. Cleisthenes[30] Cleisthenes later made reforms, in 508 BC.[31]
524–523 ق.م. Miltiades Cadoux is uncertain whether this is Miltiades son of Kypselos, or Miltiades son of Cimon.[32]
523–522 ق.م. Calliades
522–521 ق.م. Pisistratus Possibly the son of Hippias, archon of 526/5.[33]
521–518 ق.م. Unknown
518–517 ق.م. Hebron (?)[34]
517–511 ق.م. Unknown
511–510 ق.م. Harpactides The Parian Marble dates the assassination of Hipparchus and the expulsion of the Peistratids from Athens to Harpactides' archonship.
510–509 ق.م. Scamandrius
509–508 ق.م. Lysagoras
508–507 ق.م. Isagoras Cleisthenes competes with Isagoras for archonship, but is expelled by Cleomenes I of Sparta
507–506 ق.م. Alcmeon
506–504 ق.م. Unknown
504–503 ق.م. Acestorides
503–501 ق.م. Unknown
501–500 ق.م. Hermocreon
500–499 ق.م. Smyrus (?)[35]
499–497 ق.م. Unknown
497–496 ق.م. Archias[36]
496–495 ق.م. Hipparchus
495–494 ق.م. Philippus
494–493 ق.م. Pythocritus
493–492 ق.م. Themistocles
492–491 ق.م. Diognetus
491–490 ق.م. Hybrilides
490–489 ق.م. Phaenippus The Parian Marble, Plutarch, and the Athenian Constitution all date the Battle of Marathon to the archonship of Phaenippus.
489–488 ق.م. Aristides the Just
488–487 ق.م. Anchises
487–486 ق.م. Telesinus[37] The Athenian Constitution dates the ostracism of Megacles to the archonship of Telesinus.
486–485 ق.م. Unknown
485–484 ق.م. Philocrates
484–483 ق.م. Leostratus
483–482 ق.م. Nicodemus
482–481 ق.م. Unknown
481–480 ق.م. Hypsichides According to the Athenian Constitution, Hypsichides was archon when the ostracized of Athens were recalled.[38]


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الفترة الكلاسيكية

Year Eponymous archon Other officials or notable events
480–479 ق.م. Calliades[39] According to Diodorus Siculus, the Second Persian invasion of Greece began during Calliades' archonship.[40] Aristides and Themistocles are strategoi.
479–478 ق.م. Xanthippus Battle of Plataea; Aristides is strategos
478–477 ق.م. Timosthenes Delian League founded.
477–476 ق.م. Adimantus
476–475 ق.م. Phaedon
475–474 ق.م. Dromoclides
474–473 ق.م. Acestorides
473–472 ق.م. Menon
472–471 ق.م. Chares
471–470 ق.م. Praxiergus
470–469 ق.م. Demotion
469–468 ق.م. Apsephion
468–467 ق.م. Theagenides
467–466 ق.م. Lysistratus
466–465 ق.م. Lysanias
465–464 ق.م. Lysitheus Sophanes is a strategos
464–463 ق.م. Archedemides
463–462 ق.م. Tlepolemus Cimon is a strategos
462–461 ق.م. Conon According to the Athenian Constitution (ch. 25), Ephialtes reforms the Areopagus, and is assassinated.
461–460 ق.م. Euthippus Also spelled Euippos.[41]
460–459 ق.م. Phrasicles
459–458 ق.م. Philocles Phrynicus, Dicaeogenes and Hippodamas are strategoi.
458–457 ق.م. Habron So Diodorus Siculus (11.79); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Bion.[42]
457–456 ق.م. Mnesitheides
456–455 ق.م. Callias
455–454 ق.م. Sosistratus
454–453 ق.م. Ariston
453–452 ق.م. Lysicrates
452–451 ق.م. Chaerephanes
451–450 ق.م. Antidotus Anaxicrates and Cimon are strategoi
450–449 ق.م. Euthydemus
449–448 ق.م. Pedieus Second Sacred War begins.
448–447 ق.م. Philiscus Pericles, Tolmides and Epiteles are strategoi; Peace of Callias ends the Greco-Persian Wars
447–446 ق.م. Timarchides Construction of the Parthenon begins.
446–445 ق.م. Callimachus
445–444 ق.م. Lysimachides Peace between Athens and Sparta. Age of Pericles begins.
444–443 ق.م. Praxiteles Pericles is a strategos
443–442 ق.م. Lysanias Pericles is a strategos
442–441 ق.م. Diphilus Pericles is a strategos
441–440 ق.م. Timocles Pericles and Glaucon are strategoi[43][44]
440–439 ق.م. Morychides Pericles is a strategos
439–438 ق.م. Glaucinus Also spelled Glaucidus. Pericles is a strategos
438–437 ق.م. Theodorus Pericles is a strategos
437–436 ق.م. Euthymenes Pericles is a strategos. Construction of the Propylaea begins
436–435 ق.م. Lysimachus So Diodorus Siculus (12.33); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Nausimachos.[42] Pericles is a strategos
435–434 ق.م. Antiochides Also spelled Antilochidos. Pericles is a strategos
434–433 ق.م. Crates Also spelled Chares. Pericles is a strategos
433–432 ق.م. Apseudes Pericles, Lacedaemonius, Diotimus, and Proteas are strategoi
432–431 ق.م. Pythodorus Thucydides dates the beginning of the Peloponnesian War to the tenure of this archon.[45] Pericles and Callias are strategoi.
431–430 ق.م. Euthydemus Also spelled Euthydemos. Pericles is a strategos.
430–429 ق.م. Apollodorus Pericles dies; Xenophon, Hestiodorus, Calliades, Melesandrus, and Phanomachus are strategoi.
429–428 ق.م. Epameinon Phormio is a strategos.
428–427 ق.م. Diotimus Demosthenes, Asopius, Paches, Cleidippes, and Lysicles are strategoi
427–426 ق.م. Eucles Also spelled Eucleides. Nicias, Charoiades and Procles are strategoi
426–425 ق.م. Euthynos Also called Euthydemos. Laches and Hippocrates are strategoi
425–424 ق.م. Stratocles Nicias, Eurymedon, Pythodorus, and Sophocles are strategoi
424–423 ق.م. Isarchus Demosthenes, Cleon, Thucydides and Hippocrates are strategoi
423–422 ق.م. Amynias Also spelled Ameinias. Cleon is a strategos
422–421 ق.م. Alcaeus Cleon is a strategos
421–420 ق.م. Aristion Construction of the Erechtheion begins.
420–419 ق.م. Astyphilus Alcibiades is strategos
419–418 ق.م. Archias
418–417 ق.م. Antiphon Laches and Nicostratus are strategoi[46]
417–416 ق.م. Euphemus
416–415 ق.م. Arimnestus Nicias, Alcibiades, and Lamachus are strategoi
415–414 ق.م. Charias Also spelled Chabrias. Alcibiades is a strategos
414–413 ق.م. Tisandrus Lamachus is a strategos
413–412 ق.م. Cleocritus Eurymedon, Demosthenes, and Nicias are strategoi
412–411 ق.م. Callias Scambonides
411–410 ق.م. Mnasilochus (died); Theopompus Simichus and Aristarchus are strategoi
410–409 ق.م. Glaucippus
409–408 ق.م. Diocles Anytus is a strategos
408–407 ق.م. Euctemon
407–406 ق.م. Antigenes Alcibiades, Adeimantus, and Aristocrates are strategoi
406–405 ق.م. Callias Angelides Archestratus, Thrasylus, Pericles, Lysias, Diomedon, Aristocrates, Erasinides, Protomachus, and Aristogenes are strategoi
405–404 ق.م. Alexias Adeimantus, Eucrates, Philocles, Menandrus, Tydeus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi
404–403 ق.م. Pythodorus Sparta sets up the oligarchy of the Thirty Tyrants; Pythodorus not recognized as Eponymous Archon
403–402 ق.م. Eucleides[47] Thirty Tyrants expelled, democracy reestablished. Old Attic alphabet was officially abolished in favor of the Ionic alphabet of twenty-four letters.
402–401 ق.م. Micon Also spelled Micion.
401–400 ق.م. Xenaenetus Also spelled Exaenetus.
400–399 ق.م. Laches
399–398 ق.م. Aristocrates
398–397 ق.م. Euthycles Also spelled Ithycles.
397–396 ق.م. Souniades
396–395 ق.م. Phormion
395–394 ق.م. Diophantus
394–393 ق.م. Eubulides
393–392 ق.م. Demostratos Adeimantus is a strategos
392–391 ق.م. Philocles
391–390 ق.م. Nicoteles
390–389 ق.م. Demostratus Thrasybulus and Ergocles are strategoi
389–388 ق.م. Antipatrus Agyrrhius and Pamphilus are strategoi
388–387 ق.م. Pyrgion Thrasybulus and Dionysius are strategoi
387–386 ق.م. Theodotus
386–385 ق.م. Mystichides
385–384 ق.م. Dexitheus
384–383 ق.م. Dieitrephes Also spelled Diotrephes
383–382 ق.م. Phanostratus
382–381 ق.م. Euandrus
381–380 ق.م. Demophilus
380–379 ق.م. Pytheas
379–378 ق.م. Nicon
378–377 ق.م. Nausinicus
377–376 ق.م. Calleas Also spelled Callias.
376–375 ق.م. Charisandrus Cedon is a strategos.
375–374 ق.م. Hippodamas
374–373 ق.م. Socratides
373–372 ق.م. Asteius Iphicrates, Callistratus, Chabrias, and Timotheus are strategoi
372–371 ق.م. Alcisthenes
371–370 ق.م. Phrasicleides
370–369 ق.م. Dysnicetus (mistakenly Dyscinetus in Pausanias 4.27.9)
369–368 ق.م. Lysistratus
368–367 ق.م. Nausigenes
367–366 ق.م. Polyzelus
366–365 ق.م. Ciphisodorus Chabrias is a strategos
365–364 ق.م. Chion Iphicrates is a strategos
364–363 ق.م. Timocrates
363–362 ق.م. Charicleides Ergophilus and Callisthenes are strategoi
362–361 ق.م. Molon Leosthenes and Autocles are strategoi.
361–360 ق.م. Nicophemus Timomachus is a strategos
360–359 ق.م. Callimides Menon, Timotheus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi
359–358 ق.م. Eucharistus
358–357 ق.م. Cephisodotus
357–356 ق.م. Agathocles Chabrias is a strategos.
356–355 ق.م. Elpines Iphicrates, Timotheus, and Menestheus are strategoi.
355–354 ق.م. Callistratus
354–353 ق.م. Diotemus
353–352 ق.م. Thudemus
352–351 ق.م. Aristodemus
351–350 ق.م. Theellus Theogenes is Basileus (possibly)
350–349 ق.م. Apollodorus
349–348 ق.م. Callimachus Hegesileus is a strategos
348–347 ق.م. Theophilus
347–346 ق.م. Themistocles[48] Proxenus is a strategos
346–345 ق.م. Archias
345–344 ق.م. Eubulus
344–343 ق.م. Lyciscus Phocion is a strategos.
343–342 ق.م. Pythodotus
342–341 ق.م. Sosigenes
341–340 ق.م. Nicomachus
340–339 ق.م. Theophrastus Phocion is a strategos
339–338 ق.م. Lysimachides Phocion is a strategos, and is defeated by Philip II of Macedon
338–337 ق.م. Chaerondas Lysicles is a strategos
337–336 ق.م. Phrynichus
336–335 ق.م. Pythodelos Also spelled Pythodoros.
335–334 ق.م. Euaenetus
334–333 ق.م. Ctesicles
333–332 ق.م. Nicocrates
332–331 ق.م. Nicetes Also spelled Niceratos
331–330 ق.م. Aristophanes
330–329 ق.م. Aristophon
329–328 ق.م. Cephisophon
328–327 ق.م. Euthicritus
327–326 ق.م. Hegemon
326–325 ق.م. Chremes
325–324 ق.م. Anticles Philocles is a strategos
324–323 ق.م. Hegesias Also spelled Agesias
323–322 ق.م. Cephisodorus Also spelled Cephisophon. Phocion and Leosthenes are strategoi. Battle of Amorgos signals the end of Athenian sea power.
322–321 ق.م. Philocles End of the Lamian War. Restriction of voting rights and installation of a Macedonian garrison in the Piraeus.

الفترة الهلينية

Year Eponymous archon Other officials or notable events
321–320 ق.م. أرخيپوس
320–319 ق.م. Neaechmus
319–318 ق.م. Apollodorus
318–317 ق.م. Archippus
317–316 ق.م. Demogenes Demetrius Phalereus installed by the Macedonian regent Cassander as Governor.
316–315 ق.م. Democleides
315–314 ق.م. Praxibulus
314–313 ق.م. Nikodorus
313–312 ق.م. Theophrastus So Diodorus Siculus (19.73); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Theodorus.[49]
312–311 ق.م. Polemon Seleucid Empire begins.
311–310 ق.م. Simonides
310–309 ق.م. Hieromnemon
309–308 ق.م. Demetrius
308–307 ق.م. Caerimus Also spelled Charinus.
307–306 ق.م. Anaxicrates Demetrius Phalereus is expelled when Demetrius I Poliorcetes captures the city from Cassander.
306–305 ق.م. Coroebus Antigonid dynasty begins.
305–304 ق.م. Euxenippus
304–303 ق.م. Pherecles
303–302 ق.م. Leostratus
302–301 ق.م. Nicocles
301–300 ق.م. Clearchus
300–299 ق.م. Hegemachus[50]
299–298 ق.م. Euctemon
298–297 ق.م. Mnesidemus
297–296 ق.م. Antiphates
296–295 ق.م. Nicias
295–294 ق.م. Nicostratus
294–293 ق.م. Olympiodorus
293–292 ق.م. Olympiodorus
292–291 ق.م. Philippus
291–290 ق.م. Charinus (?)[51]
290–289 ق.م. Ambrosius (?)[51]
289–288 ق.م. Ariston (?)[51]
288–287 ق.م. Cimon
287–286 ق.م. Xenophon
286–285 ق.م. Diocles
285–284 ق.م. Diotimus
284–283 ق.م. Isaeus
283–282 ق.م. Euthius
282–281 ق.م. Nicias Attalid dynasty begins.
281–280 ق.م. Ourias
280–279 ق.م. Telecles[52]
279–278 ق.م. Anaxicrates
278–277 ق.م. Democles
277–276 ق.م. Aristonymus
276–275 ق.م. Philocrates
275–274 ق.م. Olbius
274–273 ق.م. Eubulus
273–272 ق.م. Glaucippus
272–271 ق.م. Lysitheides
271–270 ق.م. Pytharatus[53]
270–269 ق.م. Sosistratus
269–268 ق.م. Peithidemus Beginning of the Chremonidean War; Athens declares war on Macedon, ruled by Antigonus Gonatas.
268–267 ق.م. Diogeiton
267–266 ق.م. Menecles
266–265 ق.م. Nicias (Otryneus)
265–264 ق.م. Eubulus
264–263 ق.م. Diognetus Diognetus is the latest archon mentioned in the Parian Chronicle, therefore that inscription was made during his tenure.
263–262 ق.م. Antipatrus Athens surrenders to Antigonus Gonatas in the archonship of Antipatros.[54]
262–261 ق.م. Arrheneides Antigonus Gonatas imposes a new regime on Athens.[54]
261–260 ق.م. [...]sinus[55]
260–259 ق.م. Philostratus
259–258 ق.م. Philinus
258–257 ق.م. Antiphon
257–256 ق.م. Thymochares
256–255 ق.م. Antimachus
255–254 ق.م. Cleomachus
254–253 ق.م. Phanostratus
253–252 ق.م. Pheidostratus
252–251 ق.م. Callimedes
251–250 ق.م. Thersilochus
250–249 ق.م. Polyeuctus
249–248 ق.م. Hieron
248–247 ق.م. Diomedon
247–246 ق.م. Theophemus
246–245 ق.م. Philoneos
245–244 ق.م. Cydenor
244–243 ق.م. Lysiades
243–242 ق.م. Eurycleides
242–241 ق.م. Phanomachus
241–240 ق.م. Lyceus
240–239 ق.م. Polystratus
239–238 ق.م. Athenodorus
238–237 ق.م. Lysias
237–236 ق.م. Alkibiades
236–235 ق.م. Cimon
235–234 ق.م. Ecphantus
234–233 ق.م. Lysanias
233–232 ق.م. Unknown
232–231 ق.م. Mneseides (?)
231–230 ق.م. Jason (?)
230–228 ق.م. Unknown
228–227 ق.م. Heliodorus
227–226 ق.م. Leochares[56]
226–225 ق.م. Theophilus
225–224 ق.م. Ergochares
224–223 ق.م. Nicetes
223–222 ق.م. Antiphilus[57]
222–221 ق.م. Euxenus
221–220 ق.م. Unknown
220–219 ق.م. Thrasyphon[58]
219–218 ق.م. Menecrates
218–217 ق.م. Chaerephon
217–216 ق.م. Callimachus
216–215 ق.م. Unknown
215–214 ق.م. Hagnias
214–213 ق.م. Diocles First Macedonian War begins. (214 BC)
213–212 ق.م. Euphiletus
212–211 ق.م. Heracleitus
211–210 ق.م. Archelaus
210–209 ق.م. Aeschron[59]
209–208 ق.م. Unknown[60]
208–207 ق.م. Unknown
207–206 ق.م. Callistratus
206–205 ق.م. Pantiades
205–204 ق.م. Diodotus
204–203 ق.م. Apollodorus
203–202 ق.م. Proxenides
202–201 ق.م. Dionysius
201–200 ق.م. Isocrates[61]
200–199 ق.م. Nicophon
199–198 ق.م. [...]ppus
198–197 ق.م. Unknown
197–196 ق.م. Ancylus
196–195 ق.م. Pleistaenus[62]
195–194 ق.م. Unknown
194-193 ق.م. Dionysius
193–192 ق.م. Phanarchides
192–191 ق.م. Diodotus
191–190 ق.م. Timouchus
190–189 ق.م. Demetrius
189–188 ق.م. Euthycritus
188–187 ق.م. Symmachus
187–186 ق.م. Theoxenus
186–185 ق.م. Zopyrus
185–184 ق.م. Eupolemus
184–183 ق.م. Charicles[62]
183–182 ق.م. Hermogenes
182–181 ق.م. Timesianax
181–180 ق.م. Hippias
180–179 ق.م. Dionysius
179–178 ق.م. Menedemus
178–177 ق.م. Philon
177–176 ق.م. [...]ppus
176–175 ق.م. Hippacus
175–174 ق.م. Sonicus
174–173 ق.م. Alexander
173–172 ق.م. Alexis
172–171 ق.م. Sosigenes
171–170 ق.م. Antigenes
170–169 ق.م. Aphrodisius
169–168 ق.م. Eunicus
168–167 ق.م. Xenocles
167–166 ق.م. Nicosthenes
166–165 ق.م. Achaeus (?)[63]
165–164 ق.م. Pelops
164–163 ق.م. Euergetes
163–162 ق.م. Erastus
162–161 ق.م. Poseidonius
161–160 ق.م. Aristolas
160–159 ق.م. Tychandrus
159–158 ق.م. Aristaemus[64]
158–157 ق.م. Aristaechmus
157–156 ق.م. Anthesterius
156–155 ق.م. Callistratus
155–154 ق.م. Mnestheus
154–153 ق.م. Unknown
153–152 ق.م. Phaidrias
152–151 ق.م. Andreas (?)[65]
151–150 ق.م. Zeleucus (?)[65]
150–149 ق.م. Speusippos (?)[65] Fourth Macedonian War begins (150 BC).
149–148 ق.م. Lysiades (?)[65]
148–147 ق.م. Archon
147–146 ق.م. Epicrates Rome takes control of Greece


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الفترة الرومانية

Year Eponymous archon Other officials or notable events
146–145 ق.م. Aristophantus (?)[64][65]
145–144 ق.م. Metrophanes (?)[65]
144–143 ق.م. Theaetetus
143–142 ق.م. Aristophon
142–141 ق.م. Micion (?)[65]
141–140 ق.م. [Dionysius]
140–139 ق.م. Hagnotheus
139–138 ق.م. Diocles[66]
138–137 ق.م. Timarchus
137–136 ق.م. Heracleitus
136–135 ق.م. Timarchides
135–134 ق.م. Dionysius
134–133 ق.م. Nicomachus
133–132 ق.م. Xenon
132–131 ق.م. Ergocles
131–130 ق.م. Epicles
130–129 ق.م. Demostratus
129–128 ق.م. Lyciscus
128–127 ق.م. Dionysius
127–126 ق.م. Theodorides
126–125 ق.م. Diotimus
125–124 ق.م. Jason
124–123 ق.م. Nicias (died); Isigenes
123–122 ق.م. Demetrius
122–121 ق.م. Nicodemus
121–120 ق.م. Phocion (?)
120–119 ق.م. Eumachus
119–118 ق.م. Hipparchus
118–117 ق.م. Lenaeus
117–116 ق.م. Menoetes
116–115 ق.م. Sarapion
115–114 ق.م. Nausias
114–113 ق.م. [...]raton
113–112 ق.م. Paramonus
112–111 ق.م. Dionysius
111–110 ق.م. Sosicrates
110–109 ق.م. Polycleitus
109–108 ق.م. Jason
108–107 ق.م. Demochares
107–106 ق.م. Aristarchus
106–105 ق.م. Agathocles
105–104 ق.م. Andronides (?)
104–103 ق.م. Heracleides
103–102 ق.م. Theocles
102–101 ق.م. Echecrates
101–100 ق.م. Medeius
100–99 ق.م. Theodosius
99–98 ق.م. Procles
98–97 ق.م. Argeius
97–96 ق.م. Heracleitus
96–95 ق.م. [...]craton
95–94 ق.م. Theodotus
94–93 ق.م. Callias
93–92 ق.م. Criton
92–91 ق.م. Menedemus
91–90 ق.م. Medeius
90–89 ق.م. Medeius
89–88 ق.م. Medeius
88–87 ق.م. anarchy Athens captured by Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who reorganizes its government
87–86 ق.م. Philanthes
86–85 ق.م. Hierophantes
85–84 ق.م. Pythocritus
84–83 ق.م. Nicetas
83–82 ق.م. Pammenes
82–81 ق.م. Demetrius
81–80 ق.م. Ar[...]
80–79 ق.م. Apollodorus
79-78 ق.م. Unknown
78–77 ق.م. Aeschraeus
77-76 ق.م. Seleucus
76–75 ق.م. Heracleodoros
75–74 ق.م. Aeschines
74–73 ق.م. Unknown
73–72 ق.م. Nicetes (?)
72–71 ق.م. Unknown
71–70 ق.م. Aristoxenus (?)
70–69 ق.م. Criton (?)
69–67 ق.م. Unknown
67–66 ق.م. Theoxenus (?)
66–65 ق.م. Medeius (?)
65–64 ق.م. Unknown
64-63 ق.م. Oenophilus
63-62 ق.م. [...]ius
62–61 ق.م. Aristeius
61–60 ق.م. Theophemus
60–59 ق.م. Herodes[67]
59–58 ق.م. Leucius
58–57 ق.م. Calliphon
57–56 ق.م. Diocles
56–55 ق.م. Coentus
55–54 ق.م. Aristoxenus
54–53 ق.م. Zenon
53–52 ق.م. Diodorus
52–51 ق.م. Lysander
51–50 ق.م. Lysiades
50–49 ق.م. Demetrius
49–48 ق.م. Demochares
48–47 ق.م. Philocrates
47–46 ق.م. Diocles
46–45 ق.م. Eucles
45–44 ق.م. Diocles
44–43 ق.م. Leucius of Rhamnous
43-42 ق.م. Polycharmus
42–41 ق.م. Euthydomus
41–40 ق.م. Nicander
40–39 ق.م. Philostratus
39–38 ق.م. Diocles of Melite
38–37 ق.م. Menander of Steiria
37–36 ق.م. Callicratides (?)
36–35 ق.م. Asclepiodorus
35–34 ق.م. Theopeithes
34–33 ق.م. Apollogenes (?)
33–32 ق.م. Cleidamus
32-31 ق.م. Unknown
31–30 ق.م. Unknown
30–29 ق.م. Architemus
29–26 ق.م. Unknown
26–25 ق.م. Dioteimus
25–22 ق.م. Unknown
22–21 ق.م. Apolexis
20–19 ق.م. Demeas
19–17 ق.م. Unknown
17-16 ق.م. Ae[...][68]
16–15 ق.م. Pythagoras[68]
15–14 ق.م. Antiochus[68]
14–13 ق.م. Polyaenus
13–12 ق.م. Zenon
12–11 ق.م. Leonidas
11–10 ق.م. Theophilus
10–9 ق.م. Nicias
9–8 ق.م. Xenon
8–7 ق.م. Apolexis of Oesia[69]
7–6 ق.م. Unknown
6–5 ق.م. Nicostratus
5–4 ق.م. Cotys[70]
4–3 ق.م. Anaxagoras
3–2 ق.م. Demochares
2–1 ق.م. Polycharmus
1 BC–AD 1 Lacon
1–2 Democrates
2–3 [...] Sounieus
3–4 [...] Sphettius
4–5 [...]on
5–23 Unknown
23–24 M[...]
24–25 Charm[...]
25–26 Callicr[...]
26–27 Pamphilus Julio-Claudian dynasty begins.
27–28 Themistocles
28–29 Oenophilus
29–30 Boethus
30–31 [...]trus
31-36 Unknown
36–37 Basileus Rhoemetalkes Ne(oteros) Later king of Odrysia[71]
37–38 Arist[...] (?)
38-39 Polycritus (?)
39-40 Zen[on] (?)
40-41 [...]ouius Leo[...][72]
41-45 Unknown
45–46 Antipater
46–49 Unknown
49–50 Deinophilus
50–54 Unknown
53–54 Dionysodorus
54–56 Unknown
56–57 Konon
57–61 Unknown
61–62 Thrasyllus
62–65 Unknown
64–65 C. Carrinus Secundus, son of Gaius
65–66 Demostratus
66-74 Unknown
74-75 C. Julius Antiochus
Epiphanes Philopappus
(?)
Grandson of the last king of Commagene
75–79 Unknown
c. 80 Loucius
81-83 Unknown
83-84 Anarchy
84-85 Unknown
85-86 Titus Flavius Domitianus Also Roman Emperor
86-87 Q. Trebellius Rufus Also high priest of the imperial cult for Narbonese Gaul.[73]
87-88 anarchy
88-89 Ti. Claudius Hierophantes Callicratidius
89-90 Aeolion
90-91 L. Flavius Phlammas
91-92 T. Flavius Leosthenes
92–93 [...] Oethen
93–94 [...]oteionus
94-95 Dionysodorus
95-96 Philopappus and Laelianon
96–112 Unknown
112–113 Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Later Roman Emperor
113–114 Octavius Theon
114–115 Octavius Proclus
115–116 Pantaenus
116–117 Flavius Macrinus
117–118 T. Coponius Maximus So Oliver; Samuels sees two names in the primary source.[74]
118–119 Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus
119–120 Flavius Stratolaus
120-121 Kl. Demophilus
121-122 Flavius Sophocles
122-123 T. Flavius Alcibiades Son of T. Flavius Leosthenes, archon in 91/2[75]
123-124 Casius Diogenes
124-125 Flavius Euphanes
125-126 G. Julius Casius
126–127 Claudius Herodes Marathonius Brother-in-law of Vibullius Hipparchus, archon in 118/9
127–128 Memmius [...]ros
128–131 Unknown
131–132 Claudius Philogenes
132–138 Unknown
138–139 Praxagoras
139–140 Flavius Alcibiades Son of T. Flavius Alcibiades, archon in 122/3[75]
140–141 Tiberius Claudius Attalus
141–142 Publius Aelius Phileas
142–143 Publius Aelius Alexander
143–144 Publius Aelius Vibullius Rufus Nephew of Herodes Atticus, archon in 126/7
144–145 Unknown
145–146 Flavius Arrianus Paeanieus
146–147 Tiberius [...]
147–148 Syllas
148–149 Unknown
150–151 Aelius Ardys
151–154 Unknown
154–155 Praxagoras
155–156 Popillius Theotimus
156–157 Aelius Callicrates
157–158 Unknown
158–159 Tiberius Aurelius Philemon Philades
159–160 Aelius Alexander
160–161 Publius Aelius Hellen [who is also called] Pl[...]
161–162 Memmius epi bomo
162–163 Aelius Gelus
163–164 Philisteides
164–165 Unknown
165–166 Sextus
166–167 Marcus Valerius Mamertinus Marathonius[76]
167–168 anarchy Rotoff suggests that the absence of an archon for this year, and two of the following four years, was likely due to the Antonine Plague.[77]
168–169 Tineius Ponticus Besaieus
169–170 anarchy
170–171 Tiberius Memmius Flaccus Marathonius
171–172 anarchy
172–173 Lucius Gellius Xenagoras
173–174 Biesius Peison
174–175 Flavius Harpalianus
175–176 Arrianus Epaphroditus
176–177 Claudius Heracleides
177–178 Aeschines (?)[78]
178–179 Hegias (?)[79]
179–180 Athenodorus Agrippas Iteaeus (?)[80]
180–181 Claudius Demostratus
181–182 Unknown
182–183 Marcus Munatius Maximianus Vopiscus
183–184 Domitius Aristaeus Paeonides
184–185 Titus Flavius Sosigenes Palleneus
185–186 Philoteimus son of Arcesidemus, of Eleusis
186–187 Gaius Fabius Thisbianus Marathonius
187–188 Tiberius Claudius Marcus Appius
Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus
Son of Herodes Atticus, archon 126/7
188–189 Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Also Roman Emperor
189–190 Menogenes[81]
190–191 Gaius Peinarius Proclus Agnousius
191–192 Unknown
192–193 Gaius Helvidius Secundus
193–194 Claudius Dadouchos
194-195 Aurelius Philisteides
195-196 Quint[...]
196-197 Flavius Straton
197-198 Xenokles (?)[82]
198–199 Titus Flavius Sosigenes Palleneus (?)
199-200 Dionysodorus Eucarpon (?)
200-201 Flavius Eiachchagogus Agryleus (?)
201-202 Agathokles (?)
202–203 [...]mos
203–204 Aurelius Dem[...] (?)
204-205 Domitius Aristaeus Paeonides (?)
205-206 Gaius Quintus Imertus Marathonius
206-207 anarchy
207-208 Gaius Castius Apollonius Streircus
208-209 Fabius Dadouchus Marathonius
209–210 Flavius Diogenes Marathonius
210-211 Pompeius Alexander (?)[83]
211–212 Claudius Phokas Marathonius (?)[83]
212–213 Aurelius Dionysius Acharneus
213–220 Unknown
220–221 Philinus
221–222 Domitius Arabianus Marathonius
222-223 Gaius Quintus Cleon Marathonius
223-224 Hiereus An[...]
224-225 Tiberius Claudius Patroclus
225-226 Le. Dionysodorus
226-227 Munatius Themison
227–228 G. Pinarios Bassus
228-229 [Maratho]nius Ne(oterus)[84]
229–230 Marcus Ulpius Eubiotus Leurus Also suffect consul, c. 230[85]
230-231 Marcus Aurelius Calliphron, also called Frontinus
231–232 Casianus
232–233 Unknown
233–234 Claudius Teres
234–235 Epictetus
235–238 Unknown
238-239 Casianus Hieroceryx
239-240 Flavius Asclepiades
240–241 Cassianus Philippus Steirieus
241–244 Unknown
244-245 Aurelius Laudicianus
245-249 Unknown
249–250 Publius Herennius Dexippus Also archon Basileus?
251–252 Cornelianus
252–262 Unknown
262–263 Lucius Flavius Philostratus
263-264 Unknown
264–265[86] Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Also Roman Emperor
c. 275 Titus Flavius Mondon
between 300
and 330
Constantine the Great[87]
between 300
and 350
Hegeias
end 4th
century
Phaedrus
386-387 Hermogenes
between 425
and 450
Theagenes
484-485 Nicagoras

انظر أيضًا

المصادر والهامش

  • [ الموسوعة المعرفية الشاملة]
  1. ^ Aristotle Constitution of Athens, 3
  2. ^ The son of Codrus was lame, which was why his brother Neileus would not let him rule, but the Delphian oracle bestowed the kingdom upon Medon. For more see Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7. 2. 1.
  3. ^ Constitution of Athens and Related Texts – Page 70
  4. ^ John Blair, Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1844. pg. 27
  5. ^ John Lemprière, A Classical Dictionary pg. 183
  6. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, Volume 3 – Page 64. (cf. "The successors of Codrus were Medon (son of Codrus), Acastus (son of Medon), Archippus (son of Acastus), Thersippus (son of Archippus), Phorbas (son of Thersippus), Megacles (son of Phorbas), Diognetus (son of Megacles), Pherecles (son of Diognetus), Ariphron (son of Pherecles), Thespieus (son of Ariphron), Agamestor (son of Thespieus), Aeschylus (son of Agamestor), Alcmaeon. All these, according to the common tradition, held the archonship for life. After Alcmaeon the tenure of the office was made decennial. The first decennial archon was Charops, the second was Aesimides, and the third was Clidicus. See Eusebius, Chronic. vol. 1. pp. 185–190, ed. Schone.")
  7. ^ Michael Russell, A Connection of Sacred and Profane History, Pg 355
  8. ^ See Historicity of the Iliad.
  9. ^ Herodotus 2.53.
  10. ^ George Crabb, Universal Historical Dictionary pg. 91
  11. ^ According to Diodorus Siculus (of the 1st century BC).
  12. ^ Blair, Chronological and Historical Tables pg. 30
  13. ^ Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. The History of Herodotus: A New English Version, Ed. with Copious Notes and Appendices, Illustrating the History and Geography of Herodotus, from the Most Recent Sources of Information; and Embodying the Chief Results, Historical and Ethnographical, which Have Been Obtained in the Progress of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphical Discovery, Volume 3. Appleton, 1882. Pg 316
  14. ^ Evelyn Abbott. A Skeleton Outline of Greek History: Chronologically Arranged. Pg 27.
  15. ^ The Roman Antiquities, Volume 1. By Dionysius (Halicarnassensis). pg 162.
  16. ^ History of Ancient and Modern Greece. By John Frost. Pg 35
  17. ^ According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus
  18. ^ Pausanias's Description of Greece, 4.5.3; Volume 3 By Pausanias. Pg 64
  19. ^ Henry-Fines Clinton. Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the Earliest Accounts to the Death of Augustus. University Press, 1834 pg 241, Pg 166
  20. ^ Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy. Chronological Tables of Universal History: Sacred and Profane, Ecclesiastical and Civil; from the Creation of the World, to the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-three. With a Preliminary Discourse on the Short Method of Studying History; and a Catalogue of Books Necessary for that Purpose; with Some Remarks on Them, Volume 1. A. Millar, 1762. Pg 124
  21. ^ John Blair. Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Paternoster Row., 1844. Pg 38
  22. ^ Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables. Pg 39
  23. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of archons down to 481/0 BC are taken from T. J. Cadoux, "The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides", Journal of Hellenic Studies, 68 (1948), pp. 70-123
  24. ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 88
  25. ^ أ ب Cadoux notes "We cannot be sure that it was the same man who held the second archonship, nor, if we held that it was, do we know anything of the circumstances under which this happened. Nor, again, do we know if this man or men belonged to the Philaid family." ("Athenian Archons", p. 90)
  26. ^ Cadoux notes this entry is based on a surviving passage of Hippys of Rhegion which is very obscure; Hippys states one Epainetos was king at Athens in the 36th Olympiad. However, this statement is full of mistakes which makes Cadooux suspicious of this passage. ("Athenian Archons", p. 91)
  27. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187-208
  28. ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 103
  29. ^ So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)
  30. ^ This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91-107
  31. ^ Herodotus, Histories, books V and VI Google Books link
  32. ^ But he adds, "It seems gratuitous to invent a third Miltiades-presumably from another family; and there are no solid chronological grounds for rejecting either of the two Philaids." (Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 110)
  33. ^ See Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", pp. 111f
  34. ^ Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204
  35. ^ Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
  36. ^ Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
  37. ^ Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
  38. ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 119
  39. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206-210.
  40. ^ "Calliades was archon in Athens, and the Romans made Spurius Cassius and Proculus Verginius Tricostus consuls, and the Eleians celebrated the Seventy-fifth Olympiad, that in which Astylus of Syracuse won the 'stadion.' It was in this year that king Xerxes made his campaign against Greece" (Diodorus, 11.1.2)
  41. ^ Alternative spellings are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 206-210
  42. ^ أ ب Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 207
  43. ^ Classical Philology. p. 53
  44. ^ The Works of Xenophon: & II and Anabasis. 1890 By Xenophon. Pg 98
  45. ^ Thucydides (2.2) states that it began "in the 48th year of the priestess-ship of Chrysis at Argos, in the ephorate of Aenesias at Sparta, in the last month but two of the archonship of Pythodorus at Athens." Thucydides reports a solar eclipse that summer (2.28), which can be confidently dated to 3 August 431 BC. (E. J. Bickerman, Chronology of the Ancient World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), p. 87)
  46. ^ Thucydides: Arguments. Peloponnesian War, Book III (cont'd.)-VI By Thucydides. Pg 208
  47. ^ Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was [the Archon of] 402 B.C., Callias of [the Archon of] 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
  48. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 347/6 to 301/0 BC are taken from Benjamin D. Meritt, "Athenian Archons 347/6–48/7 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 26 (1977), pp. 161–191
  49. ^ Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 210
  50. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 300/299 to 228/7 BC are taken from Michael J. Osborne, "The Archons of Athens 300/299-228/7", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 171 (2009), pp. 83-99
  51. ^ أ ب ت The order in which these three archons held their office is not yet clear. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 85 n. 14)
  52. ^ This year is commonly attributed to "Gorgias" based on Pseudo-Plutarch (Vitae Decem Oratorum, 847D); however, Gorgias may be a corruption of the very rare name "Ourias" archon in 281/0 BC; Gorgias is thus a ghost. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 87 n. 21)
  53. ^ Osborne notes that Pytharatus "is one of the very few archons of the 3rd century after the 290s to be securely dated on the basis of Olympiads and literary testimony." "Archons of Athens", p. 88 n. 26
  54. ^ أ ب Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 90 n. 29
  55. ^ Voula Bardani and Stephen Tracy, "A New List of Athenian Ephebes and a New Archon of Athens", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 75-80
  56. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 227/6 to 211/0 BC are taken from Michael Osborne, "The Date of the Athenian Archon Thrasyphon", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 164 (2008), pp. 85-8
  57. ^ Aleshire had placed Hoplon at this year because there was a gap; however, Osborne's latest revision of the Archon list has removed that gap. For further details, see Aleshire, "The Athenian Archon Hoplon", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 253-5
  58. ^ Thrasyphon is commonly dated to 221/0 BC based on a Magnesian inscription that allows his archonship to be dated to the fourth year of Olympiad 139; Osborne has argued that the correlation is not that exact and his archonship could fall in the first year of Olympiad 140. (Osborne, "The Date", pp. 85, 88)
  59. ^ Merrit disagrees, placing Sostratos here and providing a primary source; Osborne provides no supporting evidence for Aeschron here. Merritt, "Athenian Archons", p. 178
  60. ^ Unless otherwise noted, the archons from 209/8 to 201/0 BC are taken from John S. Traill, "A Revision of Hesperia, XLIII, 1974, 'A New Ephebic Inscription from the Athenian Agora'", Hesperia, 45 (1976), pp. 296-303
  61. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 201/0 to 160/59 BC are taken from Osborne, "Archons of Athens"
  62. ^ أ ب Following the arguments of John S. Traill, "The Athenian Archon Pleistainos", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 103 (1994), pp. 109-114
  63. ^ Christian Habicht argues that, based on the floruit of the letter-cutter of inscription did not extend beyond 185 BC, Achaeus' archonship occurred earlier and places Epaenetus in this year. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 245)
  64. ^ أ ب Unless otherwise noted, archons from 159/8 to 141/0 BC are taken from Christian Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons of Athens from 159/8 to 141/0 B. C.", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 237-247
  65. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Habicht expresses less certainty about the dates of these seven archones. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 246)
  66. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 139/8 to 61/60 BC are taken from Merrit, "Athenian Archons"
  67. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 60/59 to 10/9 BC are taken from Simone Follet, "Deux inscriptions attiques inédites copiées par l'abbé Michel Fourmont (Parisinus Suppl. gr. 854)", Revue des Études Grecques, 118 (2005). pp. 1-14.
  68. ^ أ ب ت Samuel adds these three names, as well as the next four, citing IG III2 1713 for their presence in the archon list. (Greek and Roman), p. 226
  69. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 8/7 BC to AD 165/6 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman, pp. 223–237
  70. ^ Identified with a member of the Thracian Royal house based on IG II2 1070, making him the first verified foreigner to be the Athenian Eponymous archon. (Robert K. Sherk, "The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities: I", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 83 (1990), p. 275)
  71. ^ R. Neubauer, "Das Archontat des Rhoemetalkas in Athen", Hermes, 10 (1876), pp. 145–152
  72. ^ Or eponymous archon in 41/2.
  73. ^ James H. Oliver, "Greek Inscriptions", Hesperia: The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Twenty-First Report, 11 (1942), p. 80
  74. ^ Oliver, "Greek Inscriptions", p. 84
  75. ^ أ ب Gustav Hirschfeld, "Die Familie des Titus Flavius Aklibiades", Hermes, 7 (1873), pp. 52–61
  76. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 166/7 to 188/9 are taken from Susan I. Rotoff, "An Athenian Archon List of the Late Second Century after Christ", Hesperia, 44 (1975), pp. 402–408
  77. ^ Rotoff, "An Athenian Archon List", p. 408
  78. ^ Or Aischines could be archon for 178/9 (Rotoff, "Athenian Archon List", p. 407)
  79. ^ Or Hegias could be archon for 177/8 or 179/80 (Rotoff, "Athenian Archon List", p. 407)
  80. ^ Or Athendorus could be archon for 181/2 (Rotoff, "Athenian Archon List", p. 407)
  81. ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons for 189/90 to 484/5 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 234–237.
  82. ^ Following the order from 197/8 to 204/5 offered by James A. Notopoulos, "Studies in the Chronology of Athens under the Empire", Hesperia, 18 (1949), pp. 21f. The chief differences between Notopoulos and Samuels here are that Samuels marks 197/8 as unknown, puts the next three archons in the order Dionysodoros - T. Ph. Sosigenes - Xenokles, then omitting [...]mos takes the other four archons Notopoulos distributes from 200/1-202/3 and compresses them into the years 201/2–202/3. Since Notopoulos considers [...]mos to be the only archon in this period whose date is certain, and Samuels provides no reasoning for removing him, Notopoulos has been followed here.
  83. ^ أ ب Notopulos is uncertain of the order of these two archons during these two years ("Studies in the Chronology", pp. 35, 36), while Samuels leans towards the inverted order (Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 235)
  84. ^ i.e. 'the more recent Marathonian'
  85. ^ James H. Oliver, "Review", American Journal of Philology, 69 (1948), pp. 440f
  86. ^ After 265, the record is so fragmentary that "Unknown" is not indicated past this point.
  87. ^ So claimed by James H. Oliver, "Roman Emperors and Athens", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 30 (1981), 423