كتسال‌تنانگو
كتسال‌تنانگو Quetzaltenango، وتُعرف أيضاً بإسمها في لغة المايا، شـِلاخو myn أو شـِلا [ˈʃela]، هي ثاني أكبر مدينة في گواتيمالا.[1] It is both the capital of Quetzaltenango Department and the municipal seat of Quetzaltenango municipality.
Quetzaltenango
Xelajú | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
  Quetzaltenango الموقع في جواتيمالا | |
| الإحداثيات: 14°50′40″N 91°30′05″W / 14.84444°N 91.50139°W | |
| Country |  گواتيمالا |
| Department |  كتسال‌تنانگو |
| Foundation | May 7, 1524 |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | Municipality |
| • العمدة | Luis Grijalva Minera, Encuentro por Guatemala |
| المساحة | |
| • City | 120 كم² (50 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 2٬330 m (7٬640 ft) |
| التعداد (2011 Estimate) | |
| • City | 225٬000 |
| • العمرانية | 661٬375 |
| صفة المواطن | Quetzalteca/o |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC-6 (Central America) |
| Climate | Oceanic climate: subtropical highland variety (Cwb) |
It has an estimated population of 224,703. The population is about 61% indigenous or Amerindian, 34% Mestizo or ladino and 5% white Latin American. Quetzaltenango is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of 2,330 meters (7,640 feet) above sea level at its lowest part. It may reach above 2,400 meters within the city.
The Municipality of Quetzaltenango consists of an area of 127 square kilometres (49 sq mi). Municipalities abutting the municipality of Quetzaltenango include Salcajá, Cantel, Almolonga, Zunil, El Palmar, Concepción Chiquirichapa, San Mateo, La Esperanza, Olintepeque, and San Andrés Xecul. All these municipalities are part of the Department of Quetzaltenango, except San Andrés Xecul which is a part of the Department of Totonicapán.
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التاريخ
In Pre-Columbian times Quetzaltenango was a city of the Mam Maya people called Xelajú, although by the time of the Spanish Conquest it had become part of the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj. The name may be derived from xe laju' noj meaning "under ten mountains". The city was said to have already been over 300 years old when the Spanish first arrived. With the help of his allies, Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado defeated and killed the Maya ruler Tecún Umán here. When Alvarado conquered the city for Spain in the 1520s, he called it by the Nahuatl name used by his Central Mexican Indian allies, "Quetzaltenango", generally considered to mean "the place of the quetzal bird." Quetzaltenango became the city's official name in colonial times. However, many people (especially the indigenous population) continue to call the city "شـِلاخو" (pronounced shay-lah-WHO) or more commonly "Xela" for short, and some proudly, but unofficially, consider it the "capital of the Mayas".[بحاجة لمصدر]
From 1838 to 1840 Quetzaltenango was capital of the state of Los Altos, one of the states or provinces of the Federal Republic of Central America. As the union broke up, the army of Guatemala under Rafael Carrera conquered Quetzaltenango making it again part of Guatemala.[بحاجة لمصدر] In 1850, the city had a population of approximately 20,000.[2]
During the 19th century, coffee was introduced as a major crop in the area. As a result, the economy of Xela prospered. Much fine Belle Époque architecture can still be found in the city.
ثورة كتسال‌تكا 1897
مقالة مفصلة: ثورة كتسال‌تكا
المدينة
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ كتسال‌تنانگو - Labor Ovalle Weather Station (Temp.: 1991−2010 / Prec.: 1980−2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 28.4 (83.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
29٫8 (85٫6) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 22.0 (71.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22٫48 (72٫47) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
15.0 (59) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
14٫7 (58٫5) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 2.3 (36.1) |
2.9 (37.2) |
3.9 (39) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.8 (37) |
6٫37 (43٫46) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | −11.5 (11.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
0.5 (32.9) |
1.0 (33.8) |
0.0 (32) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11٫5 (11٫3) |
| سقوط الأمطار mm (inches) | 1.80 (0.0709) |
5.50 (0.2165) |
14.44 (0.5685) |
41.16 (1.6205) |
131.55 (5.1791) |
147.77 (5.8177) |
98.65 (3.8839) |
106.95 (4.2106) |
134.67 (5.302) |
93.55 (3.6831) |
18.68 (0.7354) |
7.08 (0.2787) |
801٫8 (31٫5669) |
| % Humidity | 65.68 | 63.05 | 64.5 | 68.4 | 74.5 | 79.37 | 74.47 | 76.05 | 81.16 | 79.32 | 72.65 | 68.63 | 72٫315 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 0.8 | 0.93 | 2.33 | 5.87 | 16.8 | 21.93 | 18.0 | 17.53 | 22.8 | 14.47 | 5.67 | 2.13 | 129٫26 |
| Sunshine hours | 249.57 | 240.27 | 249.33 | 212.77 | 167.14 | 142.32 | 185.27 | 187.51 | 135.61 | 156.94 | 199.15 | 228.69 | 2٬354٫57 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia[4] | |||||||||||||
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الاقتصاد
التمثيل القنصلي
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم - المدن الشقيقة
كتسال‌تنانگو متوأمة مع:
تورينو، إيطاليا[5]
ترومسو، النرويج
ليڤرمور، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة
سان فرانشسكو دى كامپچى، كامپچى، المكسيك
انظر أيضاً
- Luna de Xelajú
- 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games
- Club Xelajú MC, pro football team
- History of Guatemala
- History of Central America
- Tromsø, Norway, Quetzaltenango's twin city
- Livermore, California, also Quetzaltenango's twin city
References
- ^ About Quetzaltenango, Xelaju
- ^ Baily, John (1850). Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. London: Trelawney Saunders. pp. 84–85.
- ^ أ ب Mora 1897, p. 198.
- ^ "Ministerio de comunicaciones Infraestructura y Vivienda". August 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements". International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico. City of Torino. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
وصلات خارجية
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 22 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 747. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)- http://www.xelamaponline.com - map & guide to Xela, tourist information, Guatemalan slang, events, shopping in xela, etc.
- http://www.xelawho.com - nightlife magazine about Xela
- http://larutamayaonline.com/map.html,[dead link] map of Quetzaltenango
- http://www.xelapages.com
- http://www.lademocracia.net - Spanish language school
- http://tripedia.info/ - Things To Do In Quetzaltenango Guatemala
Coordinates: 14°50′N 91°31′W / 14.833°N 91.517°W قالب:Quetzaltenango Department