NoSQL

NoSQL (تختصر عادة إلى Not Only SQL^[1]^[2]^{[unreliable source?]})، هي قاعدة بيانات توفر آلية لتخزين واسترجاع البيانات that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations المستخدمة في قواعد البيانات العلائقية. Motivations for this approach include simplicity of design, horizontal scaling and finer control over availability. The data structures used by NoSQL databases (e.g. key-value, graph, or document) differ from those used in relational databases, making some operations faster in NoSQL and some faster in relational databases. The particular suitability of a given NoSQL database depends on the problem it must solve.

قواعد بيانات NoSQL تستخدم بشكل متزايد في البيانات الضخمة وتطبيقات real-time web.^[3] يطلق على أنظمة NoSQL أيضاً "Not only SQL" للتأكيد على أنها يمكنها أيضاً أن تعدم لغات الاستعلام الشبيهة بSQL-. Many NoSQL stores compromise consistency (in the sense of the CAP theorem) in favor of availability and partition tolerance. Barriers to the greater adoption of NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages, the lack of standardized interfaces, and huge investments in existing SQL.^[4] Most NoSQL stores lack true ACID transactions, although a few recent systems, such as FairCom c-treeACE, Google Spanner (though technically a NewSQL database) and FoundationDB, have made them central to their designs.

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التاريخ

تطبيقات قواعد بيانات NoSQL

Column: Accumulo, Cassandra, Druid, HBase, Vertica
Document: Clusterpoint, Apache CouchDB, Couchbase, MarkLogic, MongoDB
Key-value: Dynamo, FoundationDB, MemcacheDB, Redis, Riak, FairCom c-treeACE, Aerospike
Graph: Allegro, Neo4J, InfiniteGraph, OrientDB, Virtuoso, Stardog
Multimodel Databases: ArangoDB, Alchemy Database, CortexDB

المصطلح	قاعدة البيانات المطابقة
Key-Value Cache	Coherence, eXtreme Scale, GigaSpaces, GemFire, Hazelcast, Infinispan, JBoss Cache, Memcached, Repcached, Terracotta, Velocity
Key-Value Store	Flare, Keyspace, RAMCloud, SchemaFree, Hyperdex
Key-Value Store (Eventually-Consistent)	DovetailDB, Dynamo, Riak, Dynomite, MotionDb, Voldemort, SubRecord
Key-Value Store (Ordered)	Actord, FoundationDB, Lightcloud, Luxio, MemcacheDB, NMDB, Scalaris, TokyoTyrant
Data-Structures server	Redis
Tuple Store	Apache River, Coord, GigaSpaces
Object Database	DB4O, Perst, Shoal, ZopeDB,
Document Store	Clusterpoint, Couchbase, CouchDB, MarkLogic, MongoDB, XML-databases
Wide Columnar Store	BigTable, Cassandra, Druid, HBase, Hypertable, KAI, KDI, OpenNeptune, Qbase

الآداء

نموذج البيانات	الآداء	التدرجية	المرونة	التعقيد	التشغيل
Key–Value Store	مرتفع	مرتفع	مرتفع	لا يوجد	متغير (لا يوجد)
Column-Oriented Store	مرتفع	مرتفع	متوسط	منخفض	اسمي
Document-Oriented Store	مرتفع	متغير (مرتفع)	مرتفع	منخفض	متغير (منخفض)
قاعدة بيانات المخططات	متغير	متغير	مرتفع	مرتفع	نظرية المخططات
قاعدة البيانات العلائقية	متغير	متغير	منخفض	متوسط	الجبر العلائقي

معالجة البيانات العلائقية

الاستعلامات المتعددة

Caching/Replication/Non-normalized Data

Nesting Data

أمثلة

تخزين الوثائق

الاسم	اللغة	هوامش
BaseX	Java, XQuery	XML database
Cloudant	C, Erlang, Java, Scala	JSON store (online service)
Clusterpoint	C, C++, REST, XML, full text search	XML database with support for JSON, text, binaries
Couchbase Server	C, C++, Erlang	Support for JSON and binary documents
Apache CouchDB	Erlang	JSON database
Solr	Java	Search engine
ElasticSearch	Java	JSON, Search engine
eXist	Java, XQuery	XML database
Jackrabbit	Java	Java Content Repository implementation
IBM Notes and IBM Domino	LotusScript, Java, IBM X Pages, others	MultiValue
MarkLogic Server	Java, REST, XQuery	XML database with support for JSON, text, and binaries
MongoDB	C++, C#, Go	BSON store (binary format JSON)
ObjectDatabase++	C++, C#, TScript	Binary Native C++ class structures
Oracle NoSQL Database	C, Java
OrientDB	Java	JSON, SQL support
CoreFoundation Property list	C, C++, Objective-C	JSON, XML, binary
Sedna	C++, XQuery	XML database
SimpleDB	Erlang	online service
TokuMX	C++, C#, Go	MongoDB with Fractal Tree indexing
OpenLink Virtuoso	C++, C#, Java, SPARQL	middleware and database engine hybrid

المخططات

الاسم	اللغة	هوامش
AllegroGraph	SPARQL	RDF GraphStore
DEX/Sparksee	C++, Java, .NET, Python	High-performance graph database
FlockDB	Scala
IBM DB2	SPARQL	RDF GraphStore added in DB2 10
InfiniteGraph	Java	High-performance, scalable, distributed graph database
Neo4j	Java
OWLIM	Java, SPARQL 1.1	RDF graph store with reasoning
OrientDB	Java
Sones GraphDB	C#
Sqrrl Enterprise	Java	Distributed, real-time graph database featuring cell-level security
OpenLink Virtuoso	C++, C#, Java, SPARQL	middleware and database engine hybrid
Stardog	Java, SPARQL	semantic graph database

Key-value stores

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KV - eventually consistent

Dynamo
Riak^[5]

KV - ordered

KV - RAM

KV - solid-state drive or rotating disk

Object database

Tabular

Tuple store

Triple/quad store (RDF) database

Hosted

Multivalue databases

D3 Pick database
Extensible Storage Engine (ESE/NT)
InfinityDB
InterSystems Caché
Northgate Information Solutions Reality, the original Pick/MV Database
OpenQM
Revelation Software's OpenInsight
Rocket U2

قاعدة البيانات متعددة النماذج

قاعدة البيانات التصحيحية

قاعدة البيانات الخلوية

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

^ "NoSQL (Not Only SQL)". NoSQL database, also called Not Only SQL
^ Martin Fowler. "NosqlDefinition". many advocates of NoSQL say that it does not mean a "no" to SQL, rather it means Not Only SQL
^ "RDBMS dominate the database market, but NoSQL systems are catching up". DB-Engines.com. 21 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 24 نوفمبر 2013.
^ K. Grolinger, W.A. Higashino, A. Tiwari, M.A.M. Capretz (2013). "Data management in cloud environments: NoSQL and NewSQL data stores" (PDF). JoCCASA, Springer. Retrieved 8 يناير 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^
"Riak: An Open Source Scalable Data Store". 28 November 2010
. Retrieved 28 November 2010 * OpenLink Virtuoso
- Project Voldemort. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); line feed character in |accessdate= at position 67 (help)
^ Tweed, Rob; George James (2010). "A Universal NoSQL Engine, Using a Tried and Tested Technology" (PDF). p. 25. Without exception, the most successful and well-known of the NoSQL databases have been developed from scratch, all within just the last few years. Strangely, it seems that nobody looked around to see whether there were any existing, successfully implemented database technologies that could have provided a sound foundation for meeting Web-scale demands. Had they done so, they might have discovered two products, GT.M and Caché.....* {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 82 (help)

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قراءات إضافية

Pramod Sadalage and Martin Fowler (2012). NoSQL Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Emerging World of Polyglot Persistence. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-82662-0.
Dan McCreary & Ann Kelly (2013). Making Sense of NoSQL: A guide for managers and the rest of us. ISBN 9781617291074.
Christof Strauch (2012). "NoSQL Databases" (PDF).
Moniruzzaman AB, Hossain SA (2013). "NoSQL Database: New Era of Databases for Big data Analytics - Classification, Characteristics and Comparison".
Kai Orend (2013). "Analysis and Classification of NoSQL Databases and Evaluation of their Ability to Replace an Object-relational Persistence Layer". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Ganesh Krishnan, Sarang Kulkarni, Dharmesh Kirit Dadbhawala. "Method and system for versioned sharing, consolidating and reporting information".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sugam Sharma. "A Brief Review on Modern NoSQL Data Models, Handling Big Data".

وصلات خارجية

Christoph Strauch. "NoSQL whitepaper" (PDF). Hochschule der Medien, Stuttgart.
Stefan Edlich. "NoSQL database List".
Peter Neubauer (2010). "Graph Databases, NOSQL and Neo4j".
Sergey Bushik (2012). "A vendor-independent comparison of NoSQL databases: Cassandra, HBase, MongoDB, Riak". NetworkWorld.
Prof. PhD Roberto V. Zicari (2014). "NoSQL Data Stores – Articles, Papers, Presentations". odbms.org.

[1] "NoSQL (Not Only SQL)". NoSQL database, also called Not Only SQL

[2] Martin Fowler. "NosqlDefinition". many advocates of NoSQL say that it does not mean a "no" to SQL, rather it means Not Only SQL

[3] "RDBMS dominate the database market, but NoSQL systems are catching up". DB-Engines.com. 21 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 24 نوفمبر 2013.

[4] K. Grolinger, W.A. Higashino, A. Tiwari, M.A.M. Capretz (2013). "Data management in cloud environments: NoSQL and NewSQL data stores" (PDF). JoCCASA, Springer. Retrieved 8 يناير 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] "Riak: An Open Source Scalable Data Store". 28 November 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2010 * OpenLink Virtuoso
Project Voldemort. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); line feed character in |accessdate= at position 67 (help)

[6] Project Voldemort. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); line feed character in |accessdate= at position 67 (help)

[6] Tweed, Rob; George James (2010). "A Universal NoSQL Engine, Using a Tried and Tested Technology" (PDF). p. 25. Without exception, the most successful and well-known of the NoSQL databases have been developed from scratch, all within just the last few years. Strangely, it seems that nobody looked around to see whether there were any existing, successfully implemented database technologies that could have provided a sound foundation for meeting Web-scale demands. Had they done so, they might have discovered two products, GT.M and Caché.....* {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 82 (help)

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