خلده هولندي
The Dutch guilder (هولندية: gulden, IPA: [ˈɣɵldə(n)]) or fl. was the currency of the Netherlands from the 17th century until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro. Between 1999 and 2002, the guilder was officially a "national subunit" of the euro. However, physical payments could only be made in guilders, as no euro coins or banknotes were available. The Netherlands Antillean guilder is still in use in Curaçao and Sint Maarten (two countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands), but this currency is distinct from the Dutch guilder. In 2004, the Surinamese guilder was replaced by the Surinamese dollar.
| خلده هولندي | |
|---|---|
| Nederlandse gulden (هولندية) | |
| ISO 4217 | |
| الكود | NLG |
| الفئات | |
| الوحدات الفرعية | |
| 1⁄100 | cent |
| الجمع | guilders |
| cent | cents |
| الرمز | ƒ or fl. |
| الأوراق النقدية | |
| شائع الاستخدام | ƒ10, ƒ25, ƒ50, ƒ100, ƒ250 |
| نادر الاستخدام | ƒ1000 |
| العملات | |
| شائع الاستخدام | 5c, 10c, 25c, ƒ1, ƒ21⁄2, ƒ5 |
| نادر الاستخدام | 1c (withdrawn 1 March 1983), 1⁄2c, 21⁄2c (withdrawn 1948) |
| الديمغرافيا | |
| المستخدم(ون) |  هولندا (until 2002).svg){kind=small} سورينام (until 1962).svg){kind=small} الأنتيل الهولندية (until 1940) لوكسمبورگ (until 1839).svg){kind=small} بلجيكا (until 1832) |
| الإصدار | |
| البنك المركزي | De Nederlandsche Bank |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
| الطباعة | Joh. Enschedé |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
| مصلحة صك العملة | Royal Dutch Mint |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
| القيمة | |
| التضخم | 2.6% (December 2000) |
| المصدر | worldpress.org, 2000 est. |
| ERM | |
| منذ | 13 March 1979 |
| Fixed rate since | 31 December 1998 |
| Replaced by €, non cash | 1 January 1999 |
| Replaced by €, cash | 1 March 2002 |
| € = | ƒ2.20371 |
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |
The Dutch name gulden was a Middle Dutch adjective meaning "golden",[1] and the name indicates the coin was originally made of gold. The symbol ƒ or fl. for the Dutch guilder was derived from another old currency, the florin.
The exact exchange rate, still relevant for old contracts and for exchange of the old currency for euros at the central bank, is 2.20371 Dutch guilders for 1 euro.[2] Inverted, this gives 0.453780 euros for 1 guilder.
The Dutch guilder was the de facto reserve currency in Europe in 17th and 18th centuries.[3][4][5]
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التاريخ
العملات
الأوراق المالية
_card_money.jpg) واحد خلده، playing card money (1801). قبل الطرح الرسمي للعملة الورقية، playing card money, denominated in Dutch guilders, was used in Dutch Guiana (1761–1826).[6] |
ورقة مالية من فئة 25 خلده من 1861
ورقة مالية من فئة 100 خلده من 1921
ورقة مالية من فئة 10 خلده، من 1930
ورقة مالية من فئة 1 خلده، من 1943، أصدرتها الحكومة الهولندية في المنفى في لندن للاستخدام بعد تحرير هولندا.
ورقة مالية من فئة 500 خلده من 1930
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انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ J. Verdam, Middelnederlandsch Handwoordenboek, The Hague 1932 (reprint of 1994). In modern Dutch, the adjective still exists in certain fossilised forms such as het Gulden Vlies ("the Golden Fleece"). The modern equivalent is gouden.
- ^ "Rules for exchanging guilder notes". De Nederlandsche Bank. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ Pisani-Ferry, Jean; Posen, Adam S. (2009). The Euro at Ten: The Next Global Currency. United States of America: Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economies & Brueggel. ISBN 9780881325584.
- ^ The euro as a reserve currency lodz.pl
- ^ The Changing World Order, Ray Dalio
- ^ Cuhaj, George S. (2010). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues (1368-1960) (13 ed.). Krause Publications. p. 1116. ISBN 978-1-4402-1293-2.
وصلات خارجية
- The Marteau Early 18th century Currency Converter with tools to convert early 18th century Dutch Guilders into the major contemporary European currencies.
- Overview of the Dutch guilder and its history from the BBC
- Heiko Otto (ed.). "Historical banknotes of the Netherlands" (in الإنجليزية and الألمانية). Retrieved 2017-05-07.
| سبقه ?, French franc (1794-1815, Southern Netherlands) French franc (1810-1813, Netherlands) |
Dutch currency 15th century–1810, 1813–2002[1] 1815–1832 (Belgium) 1815–1839 (Luxembourg) 1828–1940 (Netherlands Antilles) 1828–1962 (Surinam) |
تبعه Belgian franc (1832, Belgium, 1839, Luxembourg), Netherlands Antillean guilder (1940, Netherlands Antilles), Surinamese guilder (1962, Surinam), Euro |