كاتوبار
كاتوبار (CATOBAR وهي اختصار "Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery" أي "إقلاع بمساعدة منجنيق ولكن هبوط مكبوح (بكابل)" أو "Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery" أي "إقلاع بمساعدة منجنيق واسترجاع بمساعدة عائق") هو نظام مستخدم لإطلاق واسترجاع الطائرات من على سطح حاملة طائرات. وفي هذه التقنية، فإن الطائرات تُقلِع بمساعدة منجنيق وهبوط على سطح السفينة (مرحلة الاسترجاع) بمساعدة أسلاك احتجاز.
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وبالرغم من ارتفاع تكلفة هذا النظام عن الوسائل البديلة، إلا أنه يعطي مرونة أكبر في عمليات حاملة الطائرات، إذ أنه يفرض قيوداً أقل على عناصر التصميم بالطائرات ثابتة الجناح للإقلاع والهبوط مثل STOVL or STOBAR, allowing for a greater payload for more ordnance and/or fuel. CATOBAR can launch aircraft that lack a high thrust to weight ratio, including heavier non-fighter aircraft such as the E-2 Hawkeye and Grumman C-2 Greyhound.[1][2][3]
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الأنواع
The catapult system in use in modern CATOBAR carriers is the steam catapult. Its primary advantage is the amount of power and control it can provide. During World War II the US Navy used a hydraulic catapult.
The United States Navy is developing a system to launch carrier-based aircraft from catapults using a linear motor drive instead of steam, called the EMALS.
المستخدمون الحاليون
Only two states currently operate carriers that use the CATOBAR system following the decommissioning of Brazil's NAe São Paulo in February 2017; the U.S. with its Nimitz-class and Gerald R. Ford-class and France with its Charles De Gaulle.
U.S. Navy Gerald R. Ford-class carriers will use the EMALS electromagnetic aircraft launch system in place of steam catapults.[4]
طرز حاملات الطائرات الكاتوبار الناشطة
| Class | الصورة | الأصل | عدد السفن | الدفع | الإزاحة | المشغـِّل | الطائرات المحمولة | المنجنيق |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nimitz | .jpg)
|
United States | 10 | Nuclear | 100,020 t (220,510,000 lb) | F/A-18C Hornet F/A-18E/F Super Hornet F-35C Lightning II C-2 Greyhound E-2C/D Hawkeye |
C-13-1 or C-13-2 steam | |
| Gerald R. Ford | _arrives_at_Naval_Station_Norfolk_on_14_April_2017.JPG)
|
United States | 1 | Nuclear | 100,000 t (220,000,000 lb) | البحرية الأمركية | F/A-18E/F Super Hornet F-35C Lightning II E-2D Hawkeye |
EMALS |
| Charles de Gaulle | _underway_2009.jpg)
|
فرنسا | 1 | Nuclear | 42,500 t (93,700,000 lb) | French Navy | Rafale M E-2C Hawkeye |
C-13-3 steam |
المستخدمون المحتملون
The Chinese Type 003 aircraft carrier, currently under construction at the Jiangnan Shipyard, will feature an integrated electric propulsion system that will allow the operation of electromagnetic launch catapults, similar to the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) used by the United States Navy.[6][7]
INS Vishal, India's second indigenous aircraft carrier of the Vikrant-class, is planned to be of 65,000 ton displacement and to utilize the EMALS electromagnetic aircraft launch system developed by General Atomics as it supports heavier fighters, AEW aircraft and UCAVs that cannot launch using a STOBAR ski jump ramps.[8]
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ "How Effective Will China's Carrier-Based Fighters Be?".
- ^ "US-India Collaboration on Aircraft Carriers: A Good Idea?".
- ^ "Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier".
- ^ "Gerald R Ford Class (CVN 78/79)". naval-technology.com. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ @HenriKenhmann (2021-11-21). "Le 3e porte-avions chinois, le premier CATOBAR du pays, en date du 23 Octobre 2021". East Pendulum على تويتر.
- ^ Minnie Chan (1 November 2017). "Breakthrough to Power most Advanced Jet Launch System on China's second Home-grown Aircraft Carrier". South China Morning Post.
- ^ "China Claims to have Developed Conventionally Powered Electromagnetic Catapult" (archived copy ed.). Archived from the original on 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
- ^ "Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier".