گريتا گاربو
گرِتا گاربو Greta Garbo (و. 18 سبتمبر 1905 – 15 أبريل 1990) هي ممثلة سويدية المولد, اشتهرت بعد أن مثلت في الفيلم الصامت (Gösta Berlings saga) المأخوذ من رواية لسلمى لاگرلوف, ذهبت إلى هوليوود وبفترة قصيرة أصبحت أكثر نجوم السينما شعبية في العالم, توقفت عن التمثيل عام 1942.
گريتا گاربو | |
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وُلِدَ | Greta Lovisa Gustafsson 18 سبتمبر 1905 ستوكهولم، السويد |
توفي | 15 أبريل 1990 | (aged 84)
المهنة | ممثلة |
سنوات النشاط | 1920–1941 |
الموقع الإلكتروني | http://www.gretagarbo.com/ |
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الطفولة والشباب
العمل
العمل في سن مبكرة (1920–1924)
الأفلام الصامتة (1925–1929)
Queen of MGM (1930–1939)
آخر عمل (1940–1948)
الإعتزال
العلاقات
وفاتها
الجوائز والتكريمات
الإرث
أفلامها
Year | Title | Role | Director | Co-star | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1920 | Mr. and Mrs. Stockholm Go Shopping | Elder sister | سويدية: Herrskapet Stockholm ute på inköp ; An advertisement. Garbo's segment is often known as How Not to Dress.[1] | ||
1921 | The Gay Cavalier | Garbo played an extra. | سويدية: En lyckoriddare ; Uncredited. The film is lost. | ||
1921 | Our Daily Bread | Companion | سويدية: Konsum Stockholm Promo ;[1] An advertisement | ||
1922 | Peter the Tramp | Greta | سويدية: Luffar-Petter ;[1] A two-reel comedy; Garbo's first part in a commercial film | ||
1924 | The Saga of Gosta Berling | Elizabeth Dohna | Mauritz Stiller | Lars Hanson | سويدية: Gösta Berling's Saga ; Garbo’s first leading part in a feature-length film, directed by her mentor, the celebrated Mauritz Stiller. |
1925 | The Joyless Street | Greta Rumfort | G. W. Pabst | Asta Nielsen | ألمانية: Die freudlose Gasse ; Garbo plays the principal role in this German film made by renowned director Pabst |
1926 | Torrent | Leonora Moreno aka La Brunna |
Monta Bell | Ricardo Cortez | First American movie. All of Garbo's subsequent movies were made in Hollywood and produced by MGM. |
1926 | The Temptress | Elena | Fred Niblo | Antonio Moreno | Stiller was originally assigned to direct; his directing methods and personality led to conflicts with MGM producer Irving Thalberg who fired him. |
1926 | Flesh and the Devil | Felicitas | Clarence Brown | John Gilbert | First of seven Garbo movies directed by Clarence Brown and first of four with co-star John Gilbert |
1927 | Love | Anna Karenina | Edmund Goulding | John Gilbert | Adapted from the novel Anna Karenina by Tolstoy |
1928 | The Divine Woman | Marianne | Victor Seastrom | Lars Hanson | The film is lost; only a 9 minute reel exists. |
1928 | The Mysterious Lady | Tania Fedorova | Fred Niblo | Conrad Nagel | |
1928 | A Woman of Affairs | Diana Merrick Furness | Clarence Brown | John Gilbert | The first of seven Garbo films with actor Lewis Stone who, with the exception of Wild Orchids, played secondary roles. |
1929 | Wild Orchids | Lillie Sterling | Sidney Franklin | Nils Asther | |
1929 | The Single Standard | Arden Stuart Hewlett | John S. Robertson | Nils Asther, John Mack Brown |
|
1929 | The Kiss | Irene Guarry | Jacques Feyder | Conrad Nagel | Garbo's, and MGM's, last silent picture |
1930 | Anna Christie | Anna Christie | Clarence Brown | Charles Bickford, Marie Dressler |
Garbo's first talkie and first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress |
1930 | Romance | Madame Rita Cavallini | Clarence Brown | Gavin Gordon | Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress |
1930 | Anna Christie | Anna Christie | Jacques Feyder | Hans Junkermann, Salka Viertel |
MGM's German version of Anna Christie was also released in 1930; Salka Viertel, Garbo's close friend, later co-wrote several of her screenplays. |
1931 | Inspiration | Yvonne Valbret | Clarence Brown | Robert Montgomery | |
1931 | Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) | Susan Lenox | Robert Z. Leonard | Clark Gable | |
1931 | Mata Hari | Mata Hari | George Fitzmaurice | Ramon Novarro | After the multi-star Grand Hotel, Garbo's highest grossing film |
1932 | Grand Hotel | Grusinskaya | Edmund Goulding | John Barrymore, Lionel Barrymore, Joan Crawford, Wallace Beery |
Academy Award for Best Picture |
1932 | As You Desire Me | Zara aka Marie | George Fitzmaurice | Melvyn Douglas, Erich von Stroheim |
First of three movies with Douglas |
1933 | Queen Christina | Queen Christina | Rouben Mamoulian | John Gilbert | |
1934 | The Painted Veil | Katrin Koerber Fane | Richard Boleslavski | George Brent | |
1935 | Anna Karenina | Anna Karenina | Clarence Brown | Fredric March | New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress |
1936 | Camille | Marguerite Gautier | George Cukor | Robert Taylor | New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress National Board of Review Best Acting Award Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress |
1937 | Conquest | Countess Marie Walewska | Clarence Brown | Charles Boyer | MGM lost more money on this picture than any prior to 1949[بحاجة لمصدر]; |
1939 | Ninotchka | Nina Ivanovna "Ninotchka" Yakushova | Ernst Lubitsch | Melvyn Douglas | National Board of Review Best Acting Award Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress |
1941 | Two-Faced Woman | Karin Borg Blake | George Cukor | Melvyn Douglas | National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Best Acting Award |
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المصادر
- ^ أ ب ت The Saga of Gosta Berling (DVD). New York: Kino International. 2006. قالب:UPC.
- ^ Bacon, Henry (1998). Visconti: Explorations of Beauty and Decay. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 208 ff. ISBN 978-0-521-59960-3. Retrieved 26 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Beugnet, Martine; Schmid, Marion (2004). Proust at the Movies. Studies in European Cultural Transition. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 50 ff. ISBN 978-0-7546-3541-3. Retrieved 26 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Biery 1928a. When I wasn't thinking, wasn't wondering what it was all about, this living; I was dreaming. Dreaming how I could become a player.
- ^ Biery 1928a. I hated school. I hated the bonds they put on me. There were so many things outside. I liked history best but I was afraid of the map—geography you call it. But I had to go to go to school like other children. The public school, just as you have in this country.
- ^ Biery 1928a. I didn't play much. Except skating and skiing and throwing snowballs. I did most of my playing by thinking. I played a little with my brother and sister, pretending we were in shows. Like other children. But usually I did my own pretending. I was up and down. Very happy one moment, the next moment – there was nothing left for me.
- ^ Biery 1928a. Then I found a theater. I must have been six or seven. Two theaters, really. One was a cabaret; one a regular theater, – across from one another. And there was a back porch to both of them. A long plank on which the actors and actresses walked to get in the back door. I used to go there at seven o'clock in the evening, when they would be coming in, and wait until eight-thirty. Watch them come in; listen to them getting ready. The big back door was always open even in the coldest weather. Listen to their voices doing their parts in the productions. Smell the grease paint! There is no smell in the world like the smell of the backyard of a theater. No smell that will mean as much to me – ever. Night after night, I sat there dreaming. Dreaming when I would be inside – getting ready.
- ^ Biery 1928c. Mr. Stiller is an artist. He does not understand about the American factories. He has always made his own pictures in Europe, where he is the master. In our country it is always the small studio. He does not understand the American Business. He could speak no English. So he was taken off the picture. It was given to Mr. Niblo. How I was broken to pieces, nobody knows. I was so unhappy I did not think I could go on.
- ^ Billquist, Fritiof (1960). Garbo: A Biography. New York: Putnam. p. 106. OCLC 277166. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Brown, John Mason (1965). The worlds of Robert E. Sherwood: Mirror to His Times, 1896–1939. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-313-20937-6. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
I want to go on record as saying that Greta Garbo in The Temptress knocked me for a loop. I had seen Miss Garbo once before, in The Torrent. I had been mildly impressed by her visualeffectiveness. In The Temptress, however, this effectiveness proves positively devastating. She may not be the best actress on the screen. I am powerless to formulate an opinion on her dramatic technique. But there is no room for argument as to the efficacy of her allure... [She] qualifies herewith as the official Dream Princess of the Silent Drama Department of Life.
- ^
Conway, Michael; McGregor, Dion; Ricci, Mark (1968). The Films of Greta Garbo. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-86369-552-0. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
Harriette Underhill in the New York Herald Tribune: 'This is the first time we have seen Miss Garbo and she is a delight to the eyes! We may also add that she is a magnetic woman and a finished actress. In fact, she leaves nothing to be desired. Such a profile, such grace, such poise, and most of all, such eyelashes. They swish the air at least a half-inch beyond her languid orbs. Miss Garbo is not a conventional beauty, yet she makes all other beauties seem a little obvious.قالب:'-
- ^ Crafton, Donald (22 نوفمبر 1999). The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926–1931. History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 206–7. ISBN 978-0-520-22128-4. Retrieved 17 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Crafton, Donald (22 نوفمبر 1999). The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926–1931. History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-520-22128-4. Retrieved 17 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Crafton, Donald (22 نوفمبر 1999). The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926–1931. History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 494–5. ISBN 978-0-520-22128-4. Retrieved 17 يوليو 2010.
In December 1929, according to the volume of Photoplay fan mail (...) Garbo remained the leading female star.
- ^
D'Amico, Silvio (1962). Enciclopedia dello spettacolo (in Italian). Rome: Casa editrice Le Maschere. p. 901. Retrieved 25 يوليو 2010.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Flamini, Roland (22 فبراير 1994). Thalberg: The Last Tycoon and the World of M-G-M. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-517-58640-2. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Forrest, Jennifer; Koos, Leonard R. (2002). Dead Ringers: The Remake in Theory and Practice. SUNY Series, Cultural Studies in Cinema/Video. Abany: State University of New York Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-0-7914-5169-4. Retrieved 25 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Furhammar, Leif (1991). Filmen i Sverige: en historia i tio kapitel (in Swedish). Höganäs: Wiken. p. 129. ISBN 978-91-7119-517-3. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Gever, Martha (8 سبتمبر 2003). Entertaining Lesbians: Celebrity, Sexuality, and Self-Invention. Cambridge: New York. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-415-94480-9. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Golden, Eve (2001). Golden images: 41 essays on silent film stars. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-7864-0834-4. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Hall, Hadaunt (22 فبراير 1926). "A New Swedish Actress". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
In this current effort Greta Garbo, a Swedish actress, who is fairly well known in Germany, makes her screen bow to American audiences. As a result of her ability, her undeniable prepossessing appearance and her expensive taste in fur coats, she steals most of the thunder in this vehicle
- ^ Hall, Morduant (11 أكتوبر 1926). "The Temptress Another Ibanez Story". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Jacobs, Lea (2 أبريل 2008). The Decline of Sentiment: American Film in the 1920s. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 258–9. ISBN 978-0-520-25457-2. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Katchmer, George A. (1991). Eighty Silent Film Stars: Biographies and Filmographies of the Obscure to the Well Known. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-89950-494-0. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Kellow, Brian (نوفمبر 2004). The Bennetts: An Acting Family. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8131-2329-5. Retrieved 25 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Koszarski, Richard (4 مايو 1994). An Evening's Entertainment: The Age of the Silent Feature Picture, 1915–1928. History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-520-08535-0. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Lektyr (in Swedish). 9 (3). 17.
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and|year=
/|date=
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(help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Limbacher, James L. (1968). Four Aspects of the Film. Aspects of film. New York: Brussel & Brussel. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-405-11138-9. Retrieved 17 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Mariani, John (29 ديسمبر 1975). "The Greatest Movie Set Ever". New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 9 (1): 54. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved 23 يوليو 2010.
- ^ NYTimes 1936. A woman held out a letter of introduction she said was written by a mutual friend, and Garbo said coldly: "I never accept letters."
- ^ NYTimes 1936. (Garbo) refused to write her name for autograph hunters or to pose for newsreels.
- ^ NYTimes 1936. For the first time since she achieved international eminence in the motion-picture world, Miss Garbo granted an interview to the press and received the reporters en masse in the smoking lounge while the ship was at Quarantine.
- ^
"Greta Garbo Honored". The New York Times. 3 نوفمبر 1983. p. 17. Retrieved 25 يوليو 2010.
Greta Garbo was made a Commander of the Swedish Order of the North Star yesterday by order of King Carl XVI Gustaf, the King of Sweden. The private ceremony in the New York home of Mrs. Jane Gunther was also attended by Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Gruson. The honor, extended only to foreigners, was presented to Miss Garbo by Count Wilhelm Wachtmeister, the Swedish Ambassador to the United States, in recognition of the actress's distinguished service to Sweden. Miss Garbo, born in Stockholm, is now an American citizen.
- ^ NYTimes 1990. In a rare statement to reporters she acknowledged, "I feel able to express myself only through my roles, not in words, and that is why I try to avoid talking to the press."
- ^ NYTimes 1990. A declaration often attributed to her was, "I want to be alone." Actually she said, "I want to be let alone."
- ^ NYTimes 1990. Her penchant for privacy broke all of Hollywood's rules, said her biographer, John Bainbridge. Except at the start of her career, he wrote in Garbo, she "granted no interviews, signed no autographs, attended no premieres, answered no fan mail."
- ^ Parish, James Robert; Bowers, Ronald L. (1973). The MGM Stock Company: The Golden Era. London: Allan. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-7110-0501-3. Retrieved 26 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Reid, John Howard (يناير 2006). Cinemascope 3: Hollywood Takes the Plunge. Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4116-7188-1. Retrieved 25 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Rivera-Viruet, Rafael J.; Resto, Max (2008). Hollywood... Se Habla Español: Hispanics in Hollywood Films ... Yesterday, today and tomorrow. New York: Terramax Entertainment. pp. 31–37. ISBN 978-0-9816650-0-9. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^ Sjölander, Ture (1971). Garbo. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-06-013926-1. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
- ^ "Garbo: A TCM Original Documentary". TurnerClassicMovies.com. Turner Classic Movies. 12 نوفمبر 2009. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Thomsen, Bodil Marie (1997). Filmdivaer: Stjernens figur i Hollywoods melodrama 1920–40. [Anmeldelse] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-87-7289-397-6. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
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"People, Mar. 1, 1971". Time. 1 مارس 1971. Retrieved 26 يوليو 2010.
Hardly since General Douglas MacArthur's 'I shall return' has so momentous a comeback loomed. According to Italian Cinema Director Luchino Visconti, fabled Film Star Greta Garbo, 65, who has been dodging cameras for 30 years, has actually asked to play in his forthcoming movie version of Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past. The role that caught her fancy: Maria Sophia, the sixtyish Queen of Naples, who will have only one scene. Nothing has been signed as yet, but Visconti sounded as if Garbo's reappearance was already a fait accompli. Said he: 'I am very pleased at the idea that this woman, with her severe and authoritarian presence, should figure in the decadent and rarefied climate of the world described by Proust.قالب:'-
- ^
"The Torrent Review". Variety. 1 يناير 1926. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
Greta Garbo, making her American debut as a screen star, has everything with looks, acting ability and personality. When one is a Scandinavian and can put over a Latin characterization with sufficient power to make it most convincing, need there be any more said regarding her ability? She makes The Torrent worthwhile.
- ^
Vieira, Mark A. (15 نوفمبر 2009). Irving Thalberg: Boy Wonder to Producer Prince. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-520-26048-1. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help) - ^ Walker, Alexander; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (أكتوبر 1980). Garbo: A Portrait. New York: Macmillan. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-02-622950-0. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary: Completing the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 227–228. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Wollstein, Hans J. (1994). Strangers in Hollywood: The History of Scandinavian Actors in American Films from 1910 to World War II. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-8108-2938-1. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
- ^
Zierold, Norman J. (1969). Garbo. New York: Stein and Day. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-8128-1212-1. Retrieved 20 يوليو 2010.
قالب:-'Greta Garbo vitalizes the name part of this picture. She is the Temptress. Her tall, swaying figure moves Cleopatra-ishly from delirious Paris to the virile Argentine. Her alluring mouth and volcanic, slumbrous eyes enfire men to such passion that friendships collapse.' Dorothy Herzog, New York Mirror (1926):
قائمة المراجع
- Bainbridge, John (1955). Garbo (1st ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 256 pages. OCLC 1215789. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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suggested) (help)- Bainbridge, John (1971). Garbo (reissued) (1st ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-03-085045-5. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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- Bainbridge, John (1971). Garbo (reissued) (1st ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-03-085045-5. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
- Bainbridge, John (10 يناير 1955). "The Great Garbo". Life. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Bainbridge, John (17 يناير 1955). "The Great Garbo: Part Two: Greta's Haunted Path to Stardom". Life. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Bainbridge, John (24 يناير 1955). "The Great Garbo: Part Three: The Braveness to Be Herself". Life. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Biery, Ruth (أبريل 1928). "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter I". Photoplay. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Biery, Ruth (مايو 1928). 1928-garbo-story.html "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter II". Photoplay. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Biery, Ruth (يونيو 1928). "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter III". Photoplay. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Borg, Sven Hugo (1933). The Only True Story of Greta Garbo's Private Life. London: Amalgamated Press. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help) - Chandler, Charlotte (2010). I Know Where I'm Going: Katharine Hepburn, A Personal Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-4391-4928-7. Retrieved 21 أغسطس 2011.
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(help) - LaSalle, Mick (6 يوليو 2005). "Interview with John Gilbert's daughter, Leatrice Gilbert Fountain". San Francisco Chronicle.
- "Greta Garbo Back – A Bit Less Aloof: Film Star, Still Showing the Effects of Illness, Consents to 10-Minute interview". The New York Times. 4 مايو 1936. Retrieved 12 يوليو 2010.
- New York Times, The (16 أبريل 1990). "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies". Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
- Palmborg, Rilla Page (1931). The Private Life of Greta Garbo. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-90-00-00721-9. Retrieved 22 يوليو 2010.
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(help) - Paris, Barry (1994). Garbo. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-8166-4182-6.
- Ricci, Stefania, ed. (2010). Greta Garbo: The Mystery of Style. Milan: Skira Editore. ISBN 978-88-572-0580-9.
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(help) - Souhami, Diana (1994). Greta and Cecil. San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-250829-4. Retrieved 24 يوليو 2010.
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(help) - Swenson, Karen (1997). Greta Garbo: A life Apart. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80725-6.
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(help) - Vickers, Hugo (1994). Loving Garbo: The Story of Greta Garbo, Cecil Beaton, and Mercedes de Acosta. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-41301-1.
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(help) - Vieira, Mark A. (2005). Greta Garbo: A Cinematic Legacy. New York: Harry A. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-5897-5.
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