يوديد الروبيديوم

يوديد الروبيديوم
الأسماء
	اسم أيوپاك Rubidium iodide
Identifiers
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	74226 ;
PubChem CID	3423208;
رقم RTECS	VL8925000;
UNII	18CYW0VL2X ;
InChI	InChI={{{value}}}
SMILES
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	RbI
كتلة مولية	212.3723 g/mol
المظهر	solid
الكثافة	3.110 g/cm 3
نقطة الانصهار
نقطة الغليان
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	152 g/100 mL
القابلية المغناطيسية	−72.2·10−6 cm3/mol
المخاطر
صفحة بيانات السلامة	External MSDS
	الجرعة أو التركيز القاتل (LD, LC):
LD50 (الجرعة الوسطى)	4708 mg/kg (oral, rat)
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	Rubidium fluoride; Rubidium chloride; Rubidium bromide; Rubidium astatide
كاتيونات أخرى	Lithium iodide; Sodium iodide; Potassium iodide; Caesium iodide; Francium iodide
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	مراجع الجدول

Rubidium iodide is a salt of rubidium and iodine, with the chemical formula RbI. It is a white solid with a melting point of 642 °C.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preparation

Rubidium iodide can be synthesized in several ways. One is to use a mixed reaction of rubidium hydroxide and hydriodic acid/hydrogen iodide:^[1]

RbOH + HI → RbI + H
2O

Another method is to neutralize rubidium carbonate with hydriodic acid:^[1]

Rb
2CO
3 + 2HI → 2RbI + H
2O + CO
2

Another method is to use rubidium metal to react directly with iodine, but because rubidium metal is very expensive, it is the least commonly used method. In addition, rubidium reacts violently with halogens and burns:^[1]

2Rb + I
2 → 2RbI

Properties

Rubidium iodide forms colorless crystals, and has a red-violet flame color. The refractive index of the crystals is n_D = 1.6474.^[2] It reacts with halogens to form polyhalides: RbI₃, RbICl₂, RbICl₄.^[3] It is easily soluble in water, liquid ammonia, sulfuric acid, RbI·6NH₃ and RbI·3SO₂. Rubidium iodide is soluble only in the following solvents:

Solubility of RbI in organic solvents^[4]
(given in g RbI in 100 cm³ saturated solution)
Solvent	0 °C	25 °C
Acetonitrile	1.478	1.350
Propionitrile	0.274	0.305
Nitromethane	0.567	0.518
Acetone	0.960	0.674
Furfural		4,930

The standard enthalpy of formation of rubidium iodide is Δ_fH⁰₂₉₈ = −328.7 kJ mol⁻¹,^[5] the standard free enthalpy of formation ΔG⁰₂₉₈ = −325.7 kJ mol⁻¹,^[5] and the standard molar entropy S⁰₂₉₈ = 118.11 J K⁻¹·mol⁻¹.^[5]

Rubidium iodide has a sodium chloride structure; its lattice constant is a = 7.326 Å, and the Rb–I bond length is 3.66 Å.^[3]

Applications

Rubidium iodide is used as a component of eye drops, in which it is sold in Romania under the name Rubjovit^® (containing 8 mg/ml RbI).^[6] Another product is Polijodurato^®. However, there are studies that show that rubidium iodide has allergy-triggering^[7] and inflammation-causing^[8] side effects. Homeopathic products containing rubidium iodide are available under the name 'Rubidium iodatum'. In the past, towards the end of the 19th century, it was used to treat syphilis.^[9]

It found isolated use in organic synthesis, for example for the targeted saponification of a polymethylated phosphate.^[10]

References

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت "WebElements". Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 23 February 2006.
^ Ans, Jan d'; Ans, Jan d' (1998). Elemente, anorganische Verbindungen und Materialien. Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker / D'Ans (4., neubearb. u. rev. Aufl ed.). Location not known: Publisher not known. ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0.
^ ^أ ^ب 『化学大辞典code: ja is deprecated 』　共立出版、1993年
^ Aterton Seidell (1940). Solubilities Of Organic Compounds Vol - I. Carnegie-Mellon University Hunt Library, N.Sathyanarayanan. D.Van Nostrand Co.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Dickerson, Richard E.; Sichting, Hans-Werner, eds. (1988). Prinzipien der Chemie (2., bearb. und erw. Aufl ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-009969-0.
^ Jurja, Sanda, et al. "Correlation between effectiveness and antioxidant activity of some anti cataract eye drops." Rev Chim (Bucharest) 67 (2016): 1004-1007.
^ "Allergen Rubidium Allergie enthalten Allergologie". www.alles-zur-allergologie.de. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
^ Cameli, N.; Bardazzi, F.; Morelli, R.; Tosti, A. (Nov 1990). "Contact dermatitis from rubidium iodide in eyedrops". Contact Dermatitis (in الإنجليزية). 23 (5): 377–378. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05182.x.
^ Paschalis, C.; Jenner, F. A.; Lee, C. R. (May 1978). "Effects of rubidium chloride on the course of manic-depressive illness". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 71 (5): 343–352. doi:10.1177/014107687807100507. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1436619. PMID 349155.
^ Turhanen, Petri A. (2014-07-03). "Synthesis of Triple-Bond-Containing 1-Hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid Derivatives To Be Used as Precursors in "Click" Chemistry: Two Examples". The Journal of Organic Chemistry (in الإنجليزية). 79 (13): 6330–6335. doi:10.1021/jo500831r. ISSN 0022-3263.

Bibliography

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th edition

HI																	He
LiI	BeI₂											BI₃	CI₄	NI₃	I₂O₄, I₂O₅, I₄O₉	IF, IF₃, IF₅, IF₇	Ne
NaI	MgI₂											AlI₃	SiI₄	PI₃, P₂I₄	S	ICl, ICl₃	Ar
KI	CaI₂	Sc	TiI₄	VI₃	Cr	MnI₂	Fe	CoI₂	NiI₂	CuI	ZnI₂	Ga₂I₆	GeI₂, GeI₄	AsI₃	Se	IBr	Kr
RbI	SrI₂	Y	ZrI₄	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	AgI	CdI₂	InI₃	SnI₄, SnI₂	SbI₃	TeI₄	I	Xe
CsI	BaI₂		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	AuI	Hg₂I₂, HgI₂	TlI	PbI₂	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Uub	Uut	Uuq	Uup	Uuh	Uus	Uuo
		↓
		La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	SmI₂	Eu	Gd	TbI₃	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	ThI₄	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

[www.webelements.com-1] أ ^ب ^ت "WebElements". Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 23 February 2006.

[2] Ans, Jan d'; Ans, Jan d' (1998). Elemente, anorganische Verbindungen und Materialien. Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker / D'Ans (4., neubearb. u. rev. Aufl ed.). Location not known: Publisher not known. ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0.

[daijiten-3] أ ^ب 『化学大辞典code: ja is deprecated 』　共立出版、1993年

[4] Aterton Seidell (1940). Solubilities Of Organic Compounds Vol - I. Carnegie-Mellon University Hunt Library, N.Sathyanarayanan. D.Van Nostrand Co.

[Gruyter-5] أ ^ب ^ت Dickerson, Richard E.; Sichting, Hans-Werner, eds. (1988). Prinzipien der Chemie (2., bearb. und erw. Aufl ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-009969-0.

[6] Jurja, Sanda, et al. "Correlation between effectiveness and antioxidant activity of some anti cataract eye drops." Rev Chim (Bucharest) 67 (2016): 1004-1007.

[7] "Allergen Rubidium Allergie enthalten Allergologie". www.alles-zur-allergologie.de. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

[8] Cameli, N.; Bardazzi, F.; Morelli, R.; Tosti, A. (Nov 1990). "Contact dermatitis from rubidium iodide in eyedrops". Contact Dermatitis (in الإنجليزية). 23 (5): 377–378. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05182.x.

[9] Paschalis, C.; Jenner, F. A.; Lee, C. R. (May 1978). "Effects of rubidium chloride on the course of manic-depressive illness". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 71 (5): 343–352. doi:10.1177/014107687807100507. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1436619. PMID 349155.

[10] Turhanen, Petri A. (2014-07-03). "Synthesis of Triple-Bond-Containing 1-Hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid Derivatives To Be Used as Precursors in "Click" Chemistry: Two Examples". The Journal of Organic Chemistry (in الإنجليزية). 79 (13): 6330–6335. doi:10.1021/jo500831r. ISSN 0022-3263.

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