نور (إقليم فرنسي)
نور ( Nord ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [nɔʁ] ( استمع); officially فرنسية: département du Nord ; Picard: départémint dech Nord ; هولندية: Noorderdepartement , حرفياً 'Northern Department') هو إقليم في أقصى شمال فرنسا.
Nord | |
---|---|
الإحداثيات: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°ECoordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Hauts-de-France |
Prefecture | Lille |
Subprefectures | Avesnes- sur-Helpe Cambrai Douai Dunkirk Valenciennes |
الحكومة | |
• President of the Departmental Council | Christian Poiret[1] |
المساحة | |
• الإجمالي | 5٬742٫74 كم² (2٬217٫28 ميل²) |
التعداد (يناير 2019) | |
• الإجمالي | 2٬608٬346 |
• الترتيب | 1st |
• الكثافة | 450/km2 (1٬200/sq mi) |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Department number | 59 |
Arrondissements | 6 |
Cantons | 41 |
Communes | 648 |
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 |
Nord is the country's most populous department. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019.[2] It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the department), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Within the department is located the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
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التاريخ
Tribes of the Belgae, such as the Menapii and Nervii were the first peoples recorded in the area later known as Nord.
During the 4th and 5th Centuries, Roman rulers of Gallia Belgica secured the route from the major port of Bononia (Boulogne) to Colonia (Cologne), by co-opting Germanic peoples north-east of this corridor, such as the Tungri. In effect, the area known later as Nord became an isogloss (linguistic border) between the Germanic and Romance languages. Saxon colonisation of the region from the 5th to the 8th centuries likely shifted the isogloss further south so that, by the 9th century, most people immediately north of Lille spoke a dialect of Old Dutch. This has remained evident in the place names of the region. After the County of Flanders became part of France in the 9th century, the isogloss moved north and east.[3]
During the 14th century, much of the area came under the control of the Duchy of Burgundy and in subsequent centuries was therefore part of the Habsburg Netherlands (from 1482) and the Spanish Netherlands (1581).
Areas that later constituted Nord were ceded to France by treaties in 1659, 1668, and 1678, becoming the Counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and part of the Bishopric of Cambrai.
On 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution, Nord became one of the original 83 departments created to replace the counties.
Modern government policies making French the only official language have led to a decline in use of the Dutch West Flemish dialect. There are currently 20,000 speakers of a sub-dialect of West Flemish in the arrondissement of Dunkirk and it appears likely that this particular sub-dialect will be extinct within decades.[3]
الجغرافيا
أهم الأنهار
التعداد السكاني
الإقتصاد
السياسة
The President of the Departmental Council is the unaffiliated right-winger Christian Poiret.[4]
The first President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle, was born in Lille in the department on 22 November 1890.
Party | Seats[5] | |
---|---|---|
Union of the Right (UD) | 30 | |
Union of the Left (UG) | 18 | |
Miscellaneous right (DVD) | 10 | |
Union of the Centre and the Right (UCD) | 8 | |
French Communist Party (PCF) | 4 | |
Miscellaneous left (DVG) | 4 | |
Union of the Left and Ecologists (UGE) | 4 | |
Miscellaneous centre (DVC) | 2 | |
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) | 2 |
Presidential elections second round
Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 52.85 | Marine Le Pen | RN | 47.15 | |
2017[6] | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 56.90 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 43.10 | |
2012 | François Hollande | PS | 52.88 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 47.12 | |
2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 51.75 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 48.25 | |
2002[6] | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 78.28 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 21.72 | |
1995[7] | Lionel Jospin | PS | 53.70 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 46.30 |
Current National Assembly Representatives
السياحة
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in الفرنسية). 4 May 2022.
- ^ Populations légales 2019: 59 Nord, INSEE
- ^ أ ب "Dutch dialect" (PDF). (404 KB)
- ^ "Christian Poiret, élu président du conseil départemental du Nord". France Bleu (in الفرنسية). 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ^ "Départementales 2021 dans le Nord : découvrez les résultats définitifs du second tour". France 3 Hauts-de-France (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ^ أ ب "Présidentielles / Les résultats / Elections - Ministère de l'Intérieur" (in الفرنسية). Interieur.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département". Politiquemania. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ Assemblée Nationale (2022-04-25). "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
وصلات خارجية
- (بالفرنسية) Prefecture website
- (بالفرنسية) General Council website
- (إنگليزية) نور (إقليم فرنسي) at the Open Directory Project