ملك جشم آفت
ملك جشم آفِت أو ملك حسن طورخان (27 أكتوبر 1869 – 4 فبراير 1956) كانت ثاني زوجات السلطان حسين كامل من مصر. بعد نزول زوجها عن العرش في 1914، أصبحت تـُعرَف بإسم السلطانة ملك. أنجب للسلطان حسين كامل: الأميرة قدرية - الأميرة سميحة - الأميرة بديعة.
| ملك جشم آفـِت | |
|---|---|
 السلطانة ملك في 1915 | |
| سلطانة مصر | |
| Tenure | 19 ديسمبر 1914 – 9 أكتوبر 1917 |
| وُلِد | ملك طورخان 27 أكتوبر 1869 اسطنبول، الدولة العثمانية |
| توفي | 4 فبراير 1956 (aged 86) مصر الجديدة، القاهرة، مصر |
| الدفن | |
| الزوج | حسين كامل (ز. 1887؛ ت. 1917) |
| الأنجال | الأميرة قدرية الأميرة سميحة الأميرة بديعة |
| البيت | بيت محمد علي (بالزواج) |
| الأب | حسن طورخان پاشا |
| الأم | جشم آفت هانم (بالتبني) |
| الديانة | الإسلام السني |
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النشأة
| Monarchical styles of السلطانة ملك | |
|---|---|
 | |
| أسلوب الإشارة | سموها |
| أسلوب المخاطبة | سموكم |
| أسلوب بديل | خانم |
Born in Istanbul in 1869,[1] Melek was a Circassian. However, unlike many Circassians in the Ottoman era, she was not a slave.[2] Emine Foat Tugay, whose mother Princess Nimet Mouhtar was a friend of Melek, described her as "a pocket Venus, tiny but perfectly proportioned, a pretty, lively brunette, with great charm."[3] Tugay states in her family memoirs that "as a child [Melek] was delicate and was often sent to spend a fortnight with Neshedil Qadin [wife of Khedive Isma'il and mother of Princess Nimet] in the salubrious air of Zaaferan."[4]
Melek's father Hasan Tourhan Pasha was a captain in the Ottoman Navy. When Melek was still an infant, he offered her for adoption in order to improve her lot in life.[5] Melek was adopted by Jeshm Afet Hanim,[6] the third wife of Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.[7]
الزواج
In 1887, she married Hussein Kamel, the khedive's favorite son.[8] She bore him three daughters: Kadria, Samiha and Badiha.[9] Hussein Kamel was not expected to ascend the throne when Melek married him. When his eldest brother Khedive Tewfik died in 1892, he was succeeded by his son Abbas Hilmi II, who fathered two sons of his own during his reign. However, events took an unexpected turn with the outbreak of World War I. The United Kingdom, which was occupying Egypt at the time, deposed Abbas and installed his uncle Hussein Kamel as Egypt's new ruler. Hussein Kamel was given the title of Sultan of Egypt by the British in order to emphasize the end of Egypt's status as a vassal of the Ottoman Sultan. As a result, Melek received the title of Sultana.[10] Hussein Kamel invented for himself and his wife the style of Hautesse (العربية: عظمة), which can be translated into English as Gloriness.[11]
Hussein Kamel was a family man who treated Melek with respect and devotion.[8] During his reign, Melek kept a low profile. In keeping with the other royal consorts who preceded her, she attended performances at the Khedivial Opera House, although she was seated in a box separated from the rest of the audience by a Mashrabiya.[12]
السلطانة ملك جشم افت زوجة السلطان كامل كانت في رمضان تأتي بموكب يضم عربة من عربات الخيل تسمى الكوبيل وكانت السلطانة تخرج من حقيبتها اكياس بكل كيس عشرة ريالات ذهبية لتوزيعها على الاطفال خاصة الفقراء والايتام واستمرت هذه العادة طوال عمرها المديد الذي تجاوز الثمانين حتى وفاتها.
كأرملة
When Hussein Kamel died in 1917, his only surviving son Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein (born of a previous marriage) renounced his succession rights, and so the throne went to Hussein Kamel's brother Fuad. On 11 October 1917, only two days after his ascension to the throne, Fuad issued a rescript allowing Melek to keep her sultanic title. When a formal order of precedence was established for the Kingdom of Egypt in 1932, he issued another rescript whereby Melek was placed second only to Queen Nazli in the order of precedence, and before all the other princesses of the Royal Family. By then, Melek was considered the Sultana, while Nazli was considered the Queen.[13] As a widow, Melek was no longer secluded but was visible at official occasions and photographs, such at the wedding between King Farouk in 1938. In 1923, along with Crown Prince Leopold and Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, Melek visited the newly discovered tomb of Tutankhamun in Luxor. The Western press of the time often referred to her as the Dowager Sultana,[14] a title that carried no legal standing in Egypt.
Melek never remarried and spent her four decades of widowhood travelling with her slaves to Europe, Lebanon and Luxor. Her title stayed as Sultana even after the coronation of King Farouk I. Her principal residence was her palace in the Cairo suburb of Heliopolis, opposite the famous Villa Baron Empain. Historian Samir Raafat describes the widowed Melek as an "aging Sultana [who] held an outdated a-la-Turca court in her zany Heliopolis palace."[12]
وفاتها
Melek died in Cairo on 4 February 1956,[1] having witnessed the 1952 Revolution and the ensuing abolition of the monarchy.
معرض الصور
السلطانة ملك أرملة السلطان حسين كامل في شبابها
الأميرة عين الحياة الزوجة الأولى للسلطان حسين كامل في شبابها
السلطانة ملك أرملة السلطان حسين كامل في حياة السلطان
السلطانة ملك أرملة السلطان حسين كامل في أواخر أيامها
بنات السلطان حسين كامل والسلطانة ملك الأميرات ( بديعة وسميحه وقدرية)
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انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةGomhuria - ^ Tugay 1974, p. 203
- ^ Tugay 1974, p. 203
- ^ Tugay 1974, p. 203
- ^ Tugay 1974, p. 203
- ^ Hassan 2000, p. 140
- ^ Mostyn 2006, p. 128
- ^ أ ب Hamamsy 2005, p. 94
- ^ Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, p. 36
- ^ Rizk, Yunan Labib (13–19 April 2006). "A palace wedding". Al-Ahram Weekly (790). Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
- ^ Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, p. 27
- ^ أ ب Raafat, Samir (March 2005). "Egypt's First Ladies". Egy.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
- ^ Cabinet of the Grand Chamberlain (1947). "Rescrit Royal No. 3 de 1932 déterminant le rang de Sa Hautesse la Sultane Mélek dans l'Ordre de Préséance" [Royal Rescript No. 3 of 1932 determining the rank of Her Gloriness Sultana Melek in the Order of Precedence]. Protocole du Royaume d'Égypte [Protocol of the Kingdom of Egypt] (in French). Cairo: National Printing. p. 29. OCLC 2482348.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "King Tutankhamen, Dead for 3500 Years, Again Holds Court". Southeast Missourian. Vol. 22, no. 118. Cape Girardeau, MO. 19 February 1923. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
ببليوگرافيا
- Hamamsy, Chafika Soliman (2005). Zamalek: The Changing Life of a Cairo Elite, 1850–1945. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-893-1. OCLC 60649965.
- Hassan, Hassan (2000). In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805–1952. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-554-1. OCLC 45016821.
- Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1980). "The Royal House of Egypt". Burke's Royal Families of the World. Vol. Volume II: Africa & the Middle East. London: Burke's Peerage. pp. 20–37. ISBN 978-0-85011-029-6. OCLC 18496936.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Mostyn, Trevor (2006). Egypt's Belle Epoque: Cairo and the Age of the Hedonists. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 978-1-84511-240-0. OCLC 73175079.
- Tugay, Emine Foat (1974). Three Centuries: Family Chronicles of Turkey and Egypt. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-7117-3. OCLC 799594.
وصلات خارجية
- Soszynski, Henry. "Melek Tourhan". Ancestry.com, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2010-02-27.
| الملكية المصرية | ||
|---|---|---|
| لقب حديث Sultanate of Egypt established
|
Sultana of Egypt 1914–1917 |
شاغر اللقب حمله بعد ذلك Nazli Sabri
|