ملف:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

ملف
تاريخ الملف
وصلات
معلومات الصورة (ميتا)

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Phylogenetic_tree_of_coronaviruses.jpg ‏(571 × 451 بكسل حجم الملف: 75 كيلوبايت، نوع MIME: image/jpeg)

تاريخ الملف

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	زمن/تاريخ	صورة مصغرة	الأبعاد	مستخدم	تعليق
حالي	10:26، 16 مارس 2020		571 × 451 (75 كيلوبايت)	Taghreed (نقاش \| مساهمات)

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وصلات

الصفحات التالية تحتوي على وصلة لهذه الصورة:

ڤيروس كورونا

معلومات الصورة (ميتا)

هذا الملف يحتوي معلومات إضافية، غالبا ما تكون أضيفت من قبل آلة التصوير الإلكترونية أو الماسح الضوئي المستخدم في تحميل الصورة إلى الحاسوب. إذا كان الملف قد عُدّل عما كان عليه عند تحميل الصورة فإن المعلومات الواردة هنا قد لا تعبر عن هذه الصورة المعدلة.

عنوان الصورة	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.
المؤلف	Patrick C. Y. Woo
عنوان قصير	Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis
الكلمات المفتاحية	coronavirus genome bioinformatics
تعليق ملف JPEG	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.