المعرفة

كريستالينا جورجيڤا

Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova (بالبلغارية: Кристалина Иванова Георгиева-Кинова; born 13 August 1953) كريستالينا جورجيڤا بالبلغارية: Кристалина Иванова Георгиева-Кинова، و.13 أغسطس 1953)[1] هي خبيرة اقتصادية بلغارية تشغل منصب المدير العام والمدير المنتدب في صندوق النقد الدولي منذ عام 2019. كانت المدير التنفيذي لـمجموعة البنك الدولي من عام 2017 إلى عام 2019 وشغلت منصب القائم بأعمال رئيس مجموعة البنك الدولي من 1 فبراير 2019 إلى 8 أبريل 2019 بعد استقالة جيم يونگ كيم. شغلت سابقًا منصب نائب رئيس المفوضية الأوروبية في عهد جان-كلود يونكيه من 2014 إلى 2016.

كريستالينا جورجيڤا
Кристалина Георгиева
Kristalina Georgieva Headshot.jpg
المديرالتنفيذي
لصندوق النقل الدولي
تولى المنصب
1 أكتوبر 2019
النائبداڤيد ليپتون
سبقهكريستين لاگارد
رئيس مجموعة البنك الدولي
Acting
في المنصب
1 فبراير 2019 – 8 أبريل 2019
سبقهجيم يونگ كيم
خلـَفهDavid Malpass
Chief Executive of the World Bank Group
في المنصب
2 January 2017 – 1 October 2019
On leave: 2 August 2019 – 1 October 2019
الرئيسJim Yong Kim
David Malpass
سبقهJim Yong Kim
خلـَفهAnshula Kant (managing director)
European Commissioner for the Budget and Human Resources
في المنصب
1 November 2014 – 31 December 2016
الرئيسJean-Claude Juncker
سبقهJacek Dominik
خلـَفهGünther Oettinger
European Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development
في المنصب
9 February 2010 – 1 November 2014
الرئيسJosé Manuel Barroso
سبقهKarel De Gucht
خلـَفهNeven Mimica
European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management
في المنصب
9 February 2010 – 1 November 2014
الرئيسJosé Manuel Barroso
سبقهKarel De Gucht
خلـَفهChristos Stylianides
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva

13 أغسطس 1953 (العمر 70 سنة)
Sofia, Bulgaria
الزوجKino Kinov
الأنجال1
التعليمUniversity of National and World Economy (BA, MA, PhD)
التوقيع

في عام 2021، كشف تحقيق مستقل أن جورجيڤا أمرت موظفي البنك الدولي بتحريف البيانات لجعل الصين تبدو أفضل..[2][3]

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السنوات المبكرة والتعليم

ولدت جورجيڤا في صوفيا في عائلة من البيروقراطيين .[4] كان والدها مهندسًا مدنيًا أشرف على مشاريع بناء الطرق بالدولة،[5] وكان جدها، إيڤان كارشوڤسكي، ثوريًا بلغاريًا بارزًا.[6]

حصلت جورجيڤا على درجة الدكتوراه في الاقتصاد و ماجستير في الاقتصاد السياسي وعلم الاجتماع من معهد كارل ماركس العالي للاقتصاد ( تسمى الآن جامعة الاقتصاد الوطني والعالمي) في صوفيا.[7][8] كانت أطروحتها حول "سياسة حماية البيئة والنمو الاقتصادي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية". كما أجرت الدراسات العليا أبحاثًا ودراسات في اقتصاديات الموارد الطبيعية والسياسة البيئية في كلية لندن للاقتصاد في أواخر الثمانينيات وفي معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا.[9] وقد كتب أكثر من 100 بحث أكاديمي وقام أيضًا بتأليف كتاب أكاديمي عن الاقتصاد الجزئي.[10]

شغلت مجموعة من المناصب الأكاديمية والاستشارية في بلغاريا والولايات المتحدة، وقدمت عروضًا تقديمية في الجامعة الوطنية الأسترالية، معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا، جامعة تسينگ‌هوا، جامعة يل ، جامعة هارڤارد، كلية لندن للاقتصاد، و جامعة جنوب المحيط الهادئ.[11] تتحدث جورجيڤا اللغة البغارية واللغة الإنگليزية واللغة الروسية، بالإضافة إلى اللغة الفرنسية.[12]


المناصب الأولى (1993–2010)

بدأت جورجيڤا حياتها المهنية في مجموعة البنك الدولي في عام 1993 كخبيرة اقتصادية بيئي لأوروبا وآسيا الوسطى. بعد ذلك ، شغلت مناصب مختلفة في البنك، ووصلت في النهاية إلى منصب مديرة إدارة البيئة المسؤولة عن الإستراتيجية والسياسات البيئية والإقراض في البنك الدولي. في هذا المنصب أشرفت على حوالي 60٪ من عمليات الإقراض لمجموعة البنك الدولي. من 2004 إلى 2007 كانت مديرة المؤسسة والممثلة المقيمة في الاتحاد الروسي ومقرها موسكو.

عادت إلى واشنطن العاصمة، لتتولى منصب مدير الإستراتيجية والعمليات، التنمية المستدامة. كان منصبها الأخير في البنك الدولي، هو نائبة الرئيس وسكرتيرة الشركة، حيث تولت مسئولية الاتصال بأعضاء مجلس المديرين التنفيذيين للمؤسسة، الذين يمثلون مساهمي البنك (حكومات الدول الأعضاء).[12] خلال ذلك الوقت ، عملت على إصلاح إدارة البنك وزيادة رأس المال المصاحب .[13] في يناير 2010، أعلنت جورجيڤا عن نيتهال لاستقالة من هذا المنصب لترشحها لعضوية مفوضية الاتحاد الأوروبي.[14]

الحياة السياسية

المفوض الأوروبي

Nomination and confirmation

After the former Bulgarian nominee for the post of European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management, Rumiana Jeleva, came under fire during her confirmation hearing from members of the European Parliament over both her competence and allegations of gaps in her declaration of financial interests, she withdrew her bid. The Bulgarian government then proposed Kristalina Georgieva as their new candidate.[15] On 21 January 2010 the European Commission President José Manuel Barroso met with Georgieva and expressed his approval, stating that "Mrs. Georgieva has solid international experience and knowledge with which she is going to contribute significantly in her capacity as a EU Commissioner".[16]

The confirmation hearing of Georgieva took place at the European Parliament on 4 February 2010. She faced questions on her suitability for the portfolio. Georgieva identified Haiti as a priority, especially the need to provide shelter and health services and to restore the functions and service of the government, so as to start work on reconstruction and long-term development. Other key issues raised in discussions with MEPs had been improving co-ordination within the EU (and within the commission), and between humanitarian and military players in order to meet the dual challenge posed by expanding needs and shrinking budgets. The need to improve the effectiveness of EU actions and for better response capacity had also been stressed, together with the establishment of European Voluntary Humanitarian Corps.[17]

Georgieva was given a warm response by MEPs, with Labour MEP Michael Cashman praising her "honesty and deep breadth of knowledge". She was applauded by committee members when she told British Conservative MEP Nirj Deva that she would stand up for the interests of the EU and be an independent mind.[18] Ivo Vajgl, a Liberal MEP, also praised her, saying: "let me compliment you on your peaceful manner and the confidence you are exuding today".[19] Her performance at the hearing was widely publicized in Bulgaria and broadcast live on many national media, where it was seen as question of restoration of national honor following Jeleva's unsuccessful hearing.[20]

The second college of the Barroso Commission, including Georgieva, was approved by the European Parliament on 9 February 2010 by a vote of 488 to 137, with 72 abstentions,[21] and she took office the following day.[22]

Tenure

Georgieva tripled funding for the refugee crisis in Europe.[23][13] She was involved in coordinating the EU response to the humanitarian consequence of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the earthquake in Chile and the floods in Pakistan. Amid the Southeast Europe floods in May 2014, Georgieva coordinated post-disaster assistance and helped prepare Serbia's request for aid of as much as 1 billion euros ($1.4 billion) a year.[24] In May 2015, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed her and Nazrin Shah of Perak as co-chairs of the High-Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing, an initiative aimed at preparing recommendations for the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit.[13]

نائب رئيس المفوضية الأوروبية

In 2014, news media reported that the ambassadors of several Western EU countries early on indicated their countries' support for Georgieva to be nominated for the incoming Juncker Commission, indicating that she might get the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.[25] Her candidacy had been uncertain because of political infighting in Bulgaria. The collapse of the socialist government, however, cleared the path for her nomination. By August, Georgi Bliznashki, Bulgaria's interim prime minister, announced her candidacy to replace Britain's Catherine Ashton.[26]

Incoming European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker instead assigned the post of Vice-President for Budget and Human Resources to Georgieva, with experienced EU civil servant Florika Fink-Hooijer as her Chef de Cabinet. She was thus the most senior technocrat in the Juncker Commission, the only one of the seven vice-presidents never to have served as a national minister.[27] In this role she was in charge of 33,000 staff and reporting on how the budget of the European Union is spent to the European Parliament, the council and the European Court of Auditors. Within months of taking her new position and amid skepticism about the European Union and its budget of around $159 billion reaching new heights, Georgieva was able to negotiate a several-billion-dollar budget increase for 2014.[28]

بنك عالمي

 
Georgieva meeting in Davos with the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, 22 January 2019
 
Georgieva during the MSC 2019

From 1993 to 2010, she served in a number of positions in the World Bank Group, eventually rising to become its vice president and corporate secretary in March 2008. She has also served as a member of the board of trustees[29] and associated professor in the economics department of the University of National and World Economy in Bulgaria.[30] On September 27, 2016, the Bulgarian government nominated Kristalina Georgieva for the post of United Nations Secretary-General.[31] Her short run for secretary-general at the UN ended following a vote at the UN Security Council on October 5th, where Georgieva ranked number eight out of ten candidates.[32] In the same vote, António Guterres got the support of the Security Council for the post of UN Secretary-General.[33]

On October 28 2016, the World Bank announced that Georgieva would become the first CEO of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association starting on January 2, 2017.[34][35]

On April 21, 2018, it was announced the World Bank shareholders endorsed an ambitious package of measures that include a $13 billion paid-in capital increase, a series of internal reforms, and a set of policy measures that greatly strengthen the global poverty fighting institution's ability to scale up resources and deliver on its mission in areas of the world that need the most assistance.[36] Georgieva played a key role in securing this increase, the largest funding increase in the bank's history.[23]

On January 7, 2019, it was announced that World Bank Group President Kim would be stepping down and Georgieva would assume the role of interim president of the World Bank Group on February 1, 2019. On September 29, Georgieva was named the next managing director of the International Monetary Fund. She was the only nominee for the job and is the first person from an emerging country to hold this office.[37]

A 2021 independent inquiry of the World Bank's Doing Business reports by the law firm WilmerHale found that Georgieva instructed staff to alter data to inflate the rankings for China, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan and the United Arab Emirates.[38][2][3]

صندوق النقد الدولي

On 29 September 2019, Georgieva was named the next managing director of the International Monetary Fund, to succeed Christine Lagarde, who was leaving to become head of the European Central Bank (ECB). She was the only nominee for the job and is a first person from an emerging country to have this function.[37] Normally, she would not be considered for the position (the tradition was that candidate could not be older than 65 at the start of their term), but following pressure from the French President Emmanuel Macron, the rule was waived for Georgieva.[37]

Georgieva's term started on 1 October 2019 and will last for five years. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, she joined the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics for Developing Countries, co-chaired by Tedros Adhanom and David Malpass, in July 2021.[39]

نشاطات أخرى

In 2016, Georgieva was honored with the Devex Power with Purpose award for her work in global development.[40] In 2017, Georgieva was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 2 in the list of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations.[41] She has been awarded the Princess Marina Sturdza award,[42] and the Foreign Policy Association Medal.[43]


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مؤسسات الاتحاد الأوروبي

المنظمات غير الهادفة للربح

الحياة الشخصية

جورجيڤا متزوجة ولديها ابن واحد.[52]

مرئيات

كريستالينا جورجيڤا لصندوق النقد الدولي.

المصادر

  1. ^ "Who is Kristalina Georgieva?". FOCUS News Agency. 19 يناير 2010. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  2. ^ أ ب "Georgieva pressured World Bank employees to favor China in report - ethics probe", reuters.com, 16 September 2021.
  3. ^ أ ب Rappeport, Alan (16 سبتمبر 2021). "Inquiry finds World Bank officials, including now-I.M.F. chief, pushed staff to inflate China data". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 سبتمبر 2021.
  4. ^ "Новини от Елена". news.elena.bg. Retrieved 20 أكتوبر 2019.
  5. ^ James Politi and Kerin Hope (13 September 2019), Kristalina Georgieva: a tenacious talent to lead the IMF Financial Times.
  6. ^ "Кристалина Георгиева би могла да се пребори и за по-престижен ресор". Mediapool.bg. Retrieved 20 أكتوبر 2019.
  7. ^ Voice, European (3 نوفمبر 2010). "Kristalina Georgieva – Globetrotting economist". POLITICO.
  8. ^ books.google.com/books/about/European_Civil_Service_in_Times_of_Crisi.html?id=03IzDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
  9. ^ Lilov 2013, pp. 276–277.
  10. ^ VLADISLAV VELEV, "Kristalina Georgieva – Globetrotting economist", politico.eu, 11 March 2010.
  11. ^ "The World Bank – News – Kristalina Georgieva". The World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 11 نوفمبر 2011. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  12. ^ أ ب "Kristalina Georgieva CV" (PDF). European Union.
  13. ^ أ ب ت Secretary-General Appoints High-Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing United Nations Secretary-General, press release of 21 May 2015.
  14. ^ "World Bank appoints Kristalina Georgieva as vice president". AFX News Limited. 22 فبراير 2008. Archived from the original on 4 يونيو 2011. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  15. ^ "Under-fire EU Commission nominee stands down". AFP. 19 يناير 2010. Archived from the original on 22 يناير 2010. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  16. ^ "Barroso Welcomes New Bulgarian EU Commissioner-Designate Georgieva". Novinite. 21 يناير 2010. Retrieved 21 يناير 2010.
  17. ^ "MEPs quiz new Bulgarian candidate Kristalina Georgieva". European Parliament. 3 فبراير 2010. Archived from the original on 10 ديسمبر 2011. Retrieved 4 فبراير 2010.
  18. ^ "Democracy Live – European Parliament". BBC. 3 فبراير 2010. Retrieved 4 فبراير 2010.
  19. ^ Joshua Chaffin (4 فبراير 2010). "Bulgaria's nominee well-received by MEPs". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 فبراير 2010.
  20. ^ "Коментари за изслушването на Кристалина Георгиева като кандидат-комисар – Портал ЕВРОПА". Europe.bg. Archived from the original on 7 مارس 2014. Retrieved 14 يوليو 2014.
  21. ^ Miller, John W. (9 فبراير 2010). "EU Approves New Commission". The Wall Street Journal/Associated Press. Retrieved 9 فبراير 2010.
  22. ^ Toby Vogel (11 فبراير 2010). "New team takes office". European Voice. Retrieved 12 فبراير 2010.
  23. ^ أ ب Xin En Lee, "Meet the first CEO of the World Bank: She’s made the bank the strongest it’s ever been financially", cnbc.com, 13 July 2018.
  24. ^ Gordana Filipovic (20 May 2014), Serbia Appeals for Worldwide Assistance After Deadly Floods Bloomberg Business.
  25. ^ EU heavyweights advise Bulgaria to nominate Georgieva for Ashton's job EurActiv, 26 June 2014.
  26. ^ Christian Oliver (6 August 2014), Bulgarian commissioner nominated for EU foreign policy post Financial Times.
  27. ^ Toby Vogel (2 October 2014), Georgieva catches committee mood European Observer.
  28. ^ Benjamin Oreskes (4 November 2015), Georgieva's UN job mission Politico Europe.
  29. ^ "УНСС : Структура : Съвет на настоятелите" (in البلغارية). UNWE. Archived from the original on 22 فبراير 2012. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  30. ^ "УНСС : Общоикономически факултет : Катедра Икономикс : Състав" (in البلغارية). UNWE. Archived from the original on 22 فبراير 2012. Retrieved 19 يناير 2010.
  31. ^ "Bulgaria announces new candidate Georgieva for U.N. leadership race". Reuters. 28 سبتمبر 2016. Retrieved 3 أكتوبر 2016.
  32. ^ Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the UN official Twitter account
  33. ^ "Security Council Backs António Guterres to Be Next U.N. Secretary General". The New York Times. 5 أكتوبر 2016. Retrieved 29 أكتوبر 2016.
  34. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva Appointed Chief Executive Officer of IBRD/IDA". The World Bank. 28 أكتوبر 2016. Retrieved 28 أكتوبر 2017.
  35. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva Appointed Chief Executive Officer of IBRD/IDA". World Bank.
  36. ^ "World Bank Group Shareholders Endorse Transformative Capital Package", worldbank.org,21 April 2018.
  37. ^ أ ب ت "IMF names Kristalina Georgieva as new head" (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 25 سبتمبر 2019. Retrieved 1 أكتوبر 2019.
  38. ^ "Probe finds World Bank changed data to boost China ranking". Al-Jazeera. 17 سبتمبر 2021.
  39. ^ Joint Statement of the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics for Developing Countries following its Second Meeting World Health Organization (WHO), press release of 30 July 2021.
  40. ^ "Power With Purpose". Power With Purpose. Retrieved 6 سبتمبر 2016.
  41. ^ "Top 100 Leaders from Multilateral Organisations: From Christine Lagarde to António Guterres, These Are the Most Influential People in the NGO Sphere". Richtopia. Retrieved 22 ديسمبر 2017.
  42. ^ Turp, Craig (20 مايو 2019). "Emerging Europe announces 2019 winners of its annual Remarkable Achievement Awards". Emerging Europe | News, Intelligence, Community.
  43. ^ 2019 Financial Services Dinner- Kristalina Georgieva Accepts The Foreign Policy Association Medal at YouTube published 19 March 2019 Foreign Policy Association
  44. ^ Appointment of the Members of the Appointment Advisory Committee European Investment Bank (EIB), press release of 6 February 2017.
  45. ^ World Economic Forum Appoints Two New Members to Board of Trustees World Economic Forum, press release of 24 January 2020.
  46. ^ "The Global Commission on Adaptation seeks to accelerate adaptation action and support. We believe that for all the challenges, greater resilience is achievable and in all of our interests.", gca.org.
  47. ^ World leaders unite under new initiative to provide quality education and training for young people Generation Unlimited, press release of 21 September 2018.
  48. ^ Governance Paris Peace Forum.
  49. ^ Members of the Council European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
  50. ^ أ ب ت ث Kristalina Georgieva: Declaration of interests European Commission.
  51. ^ Global Advisory Board Women Political Leaders Global Forum (WPL).
  52. ^ Lilov 2013, p. 276.

فهرس

روابط خارجية

مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Meglena Kuneva 		Bulgarian European Commissioner
2010–2017 		تبعه
Mariya Gabriel
Nominee
سبقه
Karel De Gucht
بصفته European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid 		European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response
2010–2014 		تبعه
Neven Mimica
بصفته European Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development
تبعه
Christos Stylianides
بصفته European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management
سبقه
Jacek Dominik
بصفته European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget 		European Commissioner for the Budget and Human Resources
2014–2017 		تبعه
Günther Oettinger
مناصب دبلوماسية
سبقه
Jim Yong Kim 		President of the World Bank Group
Acting
2019 		تبعه
David Malpass
سبقه
David Lipton
Acting 		Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
2019–present 		الحالي

قالب:Juncker Commission

قالب:European Commissioners from Bulgaria

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