المعرفة

قائمة حكام نيويورك

حاكم نيويورك هو رئيس السلطة التنفيذية ل حكومة ولاية نيويورك و القائد-مع-الرئيس للحرس الوطني للولاية .[1] على الحاكم واجب تطبيق قوانين الولاية لعقد الهيئة التشريعية في نيويورك,[1]صلاحية الموافقة على نقض مشاريع قوانين أو إقرارها من قبل السلطة التشريعية,[2] ومنح العفو ، باستثناء حالات الخيانة و العزل.[3]

أندرو كومو ، الحاكم السادس والخمسون لنيويورك.

خدم ستة وخمسون شخصًا كمحافظ ، أربعة منهم خدموا فترات غير متتالية ؛ يسرد الترقيم الرسمي كل حاكم مرة واحدة فقط ، لذلك كان هناك رسميًا ستة وخمسون حاكمًا. و لم يكن هنالك حكام من الإناث. يشمل هذا الترقيم حاكمًا بالوكالة: المحافظ الذي شغل المنصب بعد استقالة الحاكم بموجب دستور 1777.[4] لا تشمل القائمة أولئك الذين عملوا كمحافظ عندما كان الحاكم خارج الولاية ، مثل الحاكم الملازم تيموثي ل. وودرف خلال حملة نائب الرئيس تيودور روزڤلت في عام 1900 ، أو رئيس مجلس ولاية نيويورك بالنيابة موسى م. وينشتاين ، الذي عمل كحاكم لمدة 10 أيام في عام 1968 بينما كان الحاكم والمحافظ ونائب زعيم الأغلبية في مجلس الشيوخ خارج الولاية ، وحضر المؤتمر الوطني الجمهوري في ميامي.[5]

أصبح أربعة رجال كرئيس الولايات المتحدة بعد أن شغلوا منصب حاكم نيويورك: مارتن ڤان بيورن و گروڤر كليڤلاند و ثيودور روزڤلت و فرانكلين روزڤلت ، وكان ستة منهم كنائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة. شغل ڤان بيورن وتيودور روزڤلت كلا المكتبين. كان هناك محافظان كرئيس القضاة في الولايات المتحدة: جون جاي شغل هذا المنصب عندما انتخب حاكمًا عام 1795 ، وأصبح [تشارلز إيڤانز هيوز] رئيسًا للقضاة في عام 1930 ، بعد عقدين من مغادرته الحكم.

كان الحاكم الأطول خدمة هو ، جورج كلينتون الأول ، الذي تولى منصبه لأول مرة في 30 يوليو 1777 ، وخدم سبع فترات في فترتين مختلفتين ، بلغ مجموعهم أقل من 21 عامًا في منصبه. بما أن 18 من تلك السنوات كانت متتالية ، فقد خدم كلينتون أيضًا أطول فترة متتالية في منصب حاكم ولاية نيويورك. كان لتشارلز پوليتي أقصر فترة خدمة قضى 29 يومًا بعد استقالة الحاكم السابق هربرت ليمان في عام 1942. الحاكم الحالي هو الديمقراطي أندرو كومو ، الذي تولى منصبه في 1 يناير 2011.

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الحكام

كانت نيويورك واحدة من ثلاثة عشر مستعمرة أصلية على الساحل الشرقي لأمريكا الشمالية ، وتم قبولها كدولة في 26 يوليو 1788. وقبل إعلان استقلالها ، كانت نيويورك مستعمرة لمملكة بريطانيا العظمى ، التي حصلت عليها بدورها من هولندا باعتبارها مستعمرة نيو نذرلاند ؛ انظر قوائم المحافظين الاستعماريين و المدراء العامين في نيو نذرلاند لفترة ما قبل الدولة.

تم إنشاء مكتب المحافظ بموجب دستور نيويورك الأول عام 1777. كانت خدمة الحاكم في الأصل لمدة ثلاث سنوات,[6] على الرغم من أن الدستور لم يحدد متى بدأ المصطلح. حدد قانون 1787 بداية الفترة في 1 يوليو.[7] عدل المؤتمر الدستوري لولاية نيويورك لعام 1821 دستور الولاية ، وقلل مدة العضوية إلى عامين ،[8] وتم نقل الانتخابات إلى نوفمبر ،[9] ونقل بداية ونهاية المصطلح ليتزامن مع السنة التقويمية.[10] مدد تعديل 1874 مدة المنصب إلى ثلاث سنوات,[11]لكن دستور 1894 قلل المدة مرة أخرى إلى عامين.[12] مدد دستور نيويورك الأخير لعام 1938 المدة إلى السنوات الأربع الحالية.[13] و لا يوجد حد لعدد الفترات المتتالية التي قد يخدمها الحاكم.

ينص الدستور منذ عام 1777 على انتخاب نائب حاكم نيويورك ، وهو " بحكم منصبه" رئيسًا لمجلس الشيوخ ، نفس المدة (مع الحفاظ على نفس فترات الحاكم طوال جميع المراجعات الدستورية). في الأصل ، في حالة وفاة المحافظ أو استقالته أو عزله ، يصبح الحاكم ملازمًا محافظًا حتى نهاية الفصل التشريعي السنوي ، ويتم شغل المنصب في انتخابات خاصة ، إذا كان هناك ما تبقى من المدة.[14] منذ دستور عام 1821 ، أصبح الحاكم المساعد صراحة حاكمًا على هذا المنصب الشاغر في المنصب ويعمل طوال المدة المتبقية من الولاية.[15] إذا أصبح منصب الحاكم المساعد شاغرًا ، يؤدي الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ [أ] جميع مهام المحافظ إلى أن يتم شغل الشاغر إما في انتخابات الحاكمية المقبلة أو عن طريق التعيين. [ب] وبالمثل ، إذا أصبح كلا المكتبين شاغرين في نفس الوقت ، فإن الرئيس "مؤقتًا" يعمل كمحافظ ، مع بقاء مكتب نائب الملازم شاغرًا. في حالة خلو الرئاسة "المؤقتة المؤقتة" ، أو شاغل الوظيفة غير قادر على أداء الواجبات ، فإن رئيس مجلس الدولة هو التالي في خط الخلافة.[16] يتم انتخاب الحاكم الملازم على نفس بطاقة الحاكم ، منذ انتخابات 1954 بصوت واحد مشترك لكلا المنصبين ، ولكن يتم ترشيحه بشكل منفصل .[17]

حكام ولاية نيويورك
No. الحاكم مدة الحكم الحزب الانتخاب الحاكم الملازم
1     جورج كلنتون July 30, 1777
–
June 30, 1795 		الديمقراطي–
الجمهوري 		1777   پيير ڤان كورتلاند
1780
1783
1786
1789
1792
2   جون جاي July 1, 1795
–
June 30, 1801 		الفدرالي 1795 ستيفين ڤان رينسيلار
1798
1   جورج كلنتون July 1, 1801
–
June 30, 1804 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1801 جيرمي ڤان رينسلار
3   مورگان لويس July 1, 1804
–
يونيو30, 1807 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1804 جون بروم
(died August 8, 1810)
4   دانيل د. تومكنز July 1, 1807
–
February 24, 1817 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1807
1810
Vacant
John Tayler
(acting from January 29, 1811)
دويت كلنتون
(elected May 2, 1811)
1813 جون تايلر
1816
[ت]
5   جون تايلر
(ممثل) 		February 24, 1817
–
June 30, 1817 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		فلتس سويفت
(ممثل)
6   دويت كلنتون July 1, 1817
–
December 31, 1822 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1817 جون تايلر
1820
7   جوزبف سي. ياتيس January 1, 1823
–
December 31, 1824 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1822 إراستس روت
6   دويت كلنتون January 1, 1825
–
February 11, 1828 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		1824 جيمس تلميدج الابن
1826
[ث] 		ناثانيل پتشر
8 ناثانيل پتشر February 11, 1828
–
December 31, 1828 		ديمقراطي–
جمهوري 		پيتر أر . لڤنگستون
(acting)
تشارلز دايان
(acting from October 17, 1828)
9   Martin Van Buren January 1, 1829
–
March 12, 1829 		Democratic 1828
[ج] 		Enos T. Throop
10   Enos T. Throop March 12, 1829
–
December 31, 1832 		Democratic Charles Stebbins
(acting)
William M. Oliver
(acting)
1830 Edward Philip Livingston
11   William L. Marcy January 1, 1833
–
December 31, 1838 		Democratic 1832 John Tracy
1834
1836
12   William H. Seward January 1, 1839
–
December 31, 1842 		Whig 1838 Luther Bradish
1840
13   William C. Bouck January 1, 1843
–
December 31, 1844 		Democratic 1842 Daniel S. Dickinson
14   Silas Wright January 1, 1845
–
December 31, 1846 		Democratic 1844 Addison Gardiner
15   John Young January 1, 1847
–
December 31, 1848 		Whig 1846
Albert Lester
(acting)
Hamilton Fish
16   Hamilton Fish January 1, 1849
–
December 31, 1850 		Whig 1848 George W. Patterson
17   Washington Hunt January 1, 1851
–
December 31, 1852 		Whig 1850 Sanford E. Church
18   Horatio Seymour January 1, 1853
–
December 31, 1854 		Democratic 1852
19   Myron H. Clark January 1, 1855
–
December 31, 1856 		Whig
(fusion) 		1854 Henry Jarvis Raymond
20   John A. King January 1, 1857
–
December 31, 1858 		Republican 1856 Henry R. Selden
21   Edwin D. Morgan January 1, 1859
–
December 31, 1862 		Republican 1858 Robert Campbell
1860
18   Horatio Seymour January 1, 1863
–
December 31, 1864 		Democratic 1862 David R. Floyd-Jones
22   Reuben Fenton January 1, 1865
–
December 31, 1868 		Union 1864 Thomas G. Alvord
1866 Stewart L. Woodford
23   John T. Hoffman January 1, 1869
–
December 31, 1872 		Democratic 1868 Allen C. Beach
1870
24   John Adams Dix January 1, 1873
–
December 31, 1874 		Republican 1872 John C. Robinson
25   Samuel J. Tilden January 1, 1875
–
December 31, 1876 		Democratic 1874 William Dorsheimer
26   Lucius Robinson January 1, 1877
–
December 31, 1879 		Democratic 1876
[ح]
27   Alonzo B. Cornell January 1, 1880
–
December 31, 1882 		Republican 1879 George Gilbert Hoskins
28   Grover Cleveland January 1, 1883
–
January 6, 1885 		Democratic 1882
[خ] 		David B. Hill
29   David B. Hill January 6, 1885
–
December 31, 1891 		Democratic Dennis McCarthy
(acting)
1885 Edward F. Jones
1888
30   Roswell P. Flower January 1, 1892
–
December 31, 1894 		Democratic 1891 William F. Sheehan
31   Levi P. Morton January 1, 1895
–
December 31, 1896 		Republican 1894
[د] 		Charles T. Saxton
32   Frank S. Black January 1, 1897
–
December 31, 1898 		Republican 1896 Timothy L. Woodruff
33   Theodore Roosevelt January 1, 1899
–
December 31, 1900 		Republican 1898
34   Benjamin Odell January 1, 1901
–
December 31, 1904 		Republican 1900
1902 Frank W. Higgins
35   Frank W. Higgins January 1, 1905
–
December 31, 1906 		Republican 1904 Matthew Linn Bruce
John Raines
(acting)
36   Charles Evans Hughes January 1, 1907
–
October 6, 1910 		Republican 1906 Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler
1908
[ذ] 		Horace White
37   Horace White October 6, 1910
–
December 31, 1910 		Republican George H. Cobb
(acting)
38   John Alden Dix January 1, 1911
–
December 31, 1912 		Democratic 1910 Thomas F. Conway
39   William Sulzer January 1, 1913
–
October 17, 1913 		Democratic 1912
[ر] 		Martin H. Glynn
40   Martin H. Glynn October 17, 1913
–
December 31, 1914 		Democratic Robert F. Wagner
(acting)
41   Charles Seymour Whitman January 1, 1915
–
December 31, 1918 		Republican 1914 Edward Schoeneck
1916
42   Al Smith January 1, 1919
–
December 31, 1920 		Democratic 1918 Harry C. Walker
43   Nathan L. Miller January 1, 1921
–
December 31, 1922 		Republican 1920 Jeremiah Wood
Clayton R. Lusk
(acting)
42   Al Smith January 1, 1923
–
December 31, 1928 		Democratic 1922 George R. Lunn
1924 Seymour Lowman
1926 Edwin Corning
44   Franklin D. Roosevelt January 1, 1929
–
December 31, 1932 		Democratic 1928 Herbert H. Lehman
1930
45   Herbert H. Lehman January 1, 1933
–
December 3, 1942 		Democratic 1932 M. William Bray
1934
1936
1938
[ز][س] 		Charles Poletti
46   Charles Poletti December 3, 1942
–
December 31, 1942 		Democratic Joe R. Hanley
(acting)
47   Thomas E. Dewey January 1, 1943
–
December 31, 1954 		Republican 1942 Thomas W. Wallace
1946 Joe R. Hanley
1950 Frank C. Moore
Arthur H. Wicks
(acting)
Walter J. Mahoney
(acting)
48   W. Averell Harriman January 1, 1955
–
December 31, 1958 		Democratic 1954 George DeLuca
49   Nelson Rockefeller January 1, 1959
–
December 18, 1973 		Republican 1958 Malcolm Wilson
1962
1966
1970
[ش]
50   Malcolm Wilson December 18, 1973
–
December 31, 1974 		Republican Warren M. Anderson
(acting)
51   Hugh Carey January 1, 1975
–
December 31, 1982 		Democratic 1974 Mary Anne Krupsak
1978 Mario Cuomo
52   Mario Cuomo January 1, 1983
–
December 31, 1994 		Democratic 1982 Alfred DelBello
Warren M. Anderson
(acting)
1986 Stan Lundine
1990
53   George Pataki January 1, 1995
–
December 31, 2006 		Republican 1994 Betsy McCaughey Ross[ص]
1998 Mary Donohue
2002
54   Eliot Spitzer January 1, 2007
–
March 17, 2008 		Democratic 2006
[ض] 		David Paterson
55   David Paterson March 17, 2008
–
December 31, 2010 		Democratic Joseph Bruno
(acting)
Dean Skelos
(acting)
Malcolm Smith
(acting)
Pedro Espada Jr.
(acting)[ط]
Richard Ravitch
(Contested)[ظ]
Malcolm Smith
(acting)[ع]
Richard Ravitch[غ]
56   Andrew Cuomo January 1, 2011
–
Incumbent 		Democratic 2010 Robert Duffy
2014 Kathy Hochul
2018
[ف]


Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional and other federal offices, and ranking diplomatic positions to foreign countries held by New York governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New York.

* Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship.
† Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship.
Governor Gubernatorial term U.S. Congress Other offices held Source
House Senate
George Clinton 1777–1795
1801–1804 		Delegate to the Continental Congress, Vice President of the United States [18]
John Jay 1795–1801 President of the Continental Congress, U.S. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Minister to Spain, Chief Justice of the United States† [19]
Daniel D. Tompkins 1807–1817 H Vice President of the United States* [20]
DeWitt Clinton 1817–1822
1825–1828 		S [21]
Nathaniel Pitcher 1828 H [22]
Martin Van Buren 1829 S† U.S. Secretary of State*, Minister to the United Kingdom, Vice President of the United States, President of the United States [23]
Enos T. Throop 1829–1832 H [24]
William L. Marcy 1833–1838 S† U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Secretary of State [25]
William H. Seward 1839–1842 S U.S. Secretary of State [26]
Silas Wright 1845–1846 H S† [27]
John Young 1847–1848 H [28]
Hamilton Fish 1849–1850 H S U.S. Secretary of State [29]
Washington Hunt 1851–1852 H [30]
John Alsop King 1857–1858 H [31]
Edwin D. Morgan 1859–1862 S [32]
Reuben Fenton 1865–1868 H† S [33]
John Adams Dix 1873–1874 S Minister to France, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury [34]
Grover Cleveland 1883–1885 President of the United States* [35]
David B. Hill 1885–1891 S [36]
Roswell P. Flower 1892–1894 H [37]
Levi P. Morton 1895–1896 H Minister to France, Vice President of the United States [38]
Frank S. Black 1897–1898 H† [39]
Theodore Roosevelt 1899–1900 Vice President of the United States, President of the United States [40]
Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. 1901–1904 H [41]
Charles Evans Hughes 1907–1910 U.S. Secretary of State, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court*, Chief Justice of the United States.
William Sulzer 1913 H† [42]
Martin H. Glynn 1913–1914 H [43]
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1929–1932 President of the United States [44]
Herbert H. Lehman 1933–1942 S [45]
W. Averell Harriman 1955–1958 U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to the Soviet Union [46]
Nelson Rockefeller 1959–1973 Vice President of the United States [47]
Hugh Carey 1975–1982 H† [48]
Andrew Cuomo 2011— U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Living former Governors of New York

اعتبارا من سبتمبر 2018, there are three living former Governors of New York, the oldest being George Pataki (served from 1995 to 2006, born 1945). The most recent governor to die was Mario Cuomo (served from 1983 to 1994, born 1932), on January 1, 2015; he is also the most recently serving governor to have died.

Governor Gubernatorial term Date of birth (and age)
George Pataki 1995–2006 24 يونيو 1945 (العمر 78 سنة)
Eliot Spitzer 2007–2008 10 يونيو 1959 (العمر 64 سنة)
David Paterson 2008–2010 20 مايو 1954 (العمر 69 سنة)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ تشير دساتير الولاية إلى هذا المنصب على أنه "الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ".
  2. ^ في 22 سبتمبر 2009 ، أيدت محكمة نيويورك للاستئناف حق حاكم لتعيين محافظ ملازم لملء الشاغر.
  3. ^ Tompkins resigned to be Vice President of the United States. As lieutenant governor, Tayler acted as governor until a successor was elected.
  4. ^ Clinton died in office; as lieutenant governor, Pitcher succeeded him.
  5. ^ Van Buren resigned to be United States Secretary of State; as lieutenant governor, Throop succeeded him.
  6. ^ First term under an 1874 amendment to the constitution, which lengthened terms to three years.
  7. ^ Cleveland resigned to be President of the United States; as lieutenant governor, Hill succeeded him.
  8. ^ First term under the 1894 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.
  9. ^ Hughes resigned to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; as lieutenant governor, White succeeded him.
  10. ^ Sulzer was impeached and removed from office for campaign contribution fraud; as lieutenant governor, Glynn succeeded him.
  11. ^ First term under the 1938 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.
  12. ^ Lehman resigned to be Director of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations at the U.S. Department of State; as lieutenant governor, Poletti succeeded him.
  13. ^ Rockefeller resigned to devote himself to his Commission on Critical Choices for Americans; as lieutenant governor, Wilson succeeded him.
  14. ^ Elected as Betsy McCaughey, but married and changed name in 1995.
  15. ^ Spitzer resigned due to a prostitution scandal; as lieutenant governor, Paterson succeeded him.
  16. ^ Espada was a Democrat, but combined with the Republicans in a change of leadership which triggered the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis.
  17. ^ Ravitch was appointed on July 8, 2009, but the appointment was contested in the courts. On August 20, the Appellate Division rejected the appointment, and Ravitch vacated the office.
  18. ^ Smith succeeded Espada on July 9 as temporary President of the New York State Senate, and claimed to be Acting Lieutenant Governor under the provisions of the New York State Constitution while the appointment of Ravitch was contested.
  19. ^ On September 22, the New York Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division's ruling, and thus re-instated Ravitch to the lieutenant governorship, beginning on July 8.
  20. ^ Cuomo's third term began January 1, 2019, and will expire December 31, 2022.

References

General
  • "Governors of New York". State of New York. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  • "Governors Database: New York". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  • Jenkins, John Stilwell (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn N.Y.: Derby and Miller. p. 862.
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^ أ ب New York Constitution article IV, § 3.
  2. ^ New York Constitution article IV, § 7.
  3. ^ New York Constitution article IV, § 4.
  4. ^ "Governors of New York". State of New York. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  5. ^ McFadden, Robert D. (December 3, 2007). "Moses Weinstein, 95, Legislator and Judge, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
  6. ^ 1777 New York Constitution, article XVIII.
  7. ^ "Governors of New York". New York Department of State. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  8. ^ 1821 New York Constitution article III, § 1.
  9. ^ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 15.
  10. ^ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 16.
  11. ^ John Joseph Lalor, ed. (1883). "New York". Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States. Vol. II. Chicago: Melbert B. Cary & Company. p. 1017. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  12. ^ 1894 New York Constitution article IV, § 1
  13. ^ New York Constitution article IV, § 1.
  14. ^ 1777 New York Constitution, article X.
  15. ^ New York Constitution, article IV § 5.
  16. ^ New York Constitution, article IV § 6.
  17. ^ "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  18. ^ "Clinton, George". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
  19. ^ "John Jay". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
  20. ^ "Tompkins, Daniel D." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
  21. ^ "Clinton, DeWitt". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
  22. ^ "Pitcher, Nathaniel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
  23. ^ "Martin, Van Buren". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
  24. ^ "Throop, Enos Thompson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
  25. ^ "March, William Learned". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
  26. ^ "Seward, William Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
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وصلات خارجية

قالب:NY year nav

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