المعرفة

قائمة البلدان حسب احتياطيات العملات الأجنبية

احتياطي العملات الأجنبية (ويسمى أيضا احتياطي فوركس) ، ويعبر على المعنى الضيق عن الودائع من العملات المحلية والسندات التي تحتفظ بها البنوك المركزية والسلطات النقدية. ومع ذلك، يتضمن هذا المصطلح في الاستخدام الشعبي له العملات الأجنبية والذهب، SDRs ومواقف احتياطي صندوق النقد العالمي.

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold in 2008

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي

Rank Country or region Foreign exchange
reserves
(millions of US$) 		Figures as of
1 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين[1] 3,103,697 July, 2019 [2]
2 Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان 1,322,279 June, 2019 [3]
3 Flag of Switzerland.svg سويسرا 804,323 May 2019[4]
4 Flag of Russia.svg روسيا 528,400 16 Aug 2019[5]
5 Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg السعودية 512,547 June 2019[6]
6  تايوان[7] 467.230 July 2019[8]
7 Flag of Hong Kong.svg هونگ كونگ 445,700 July 2019 [9]
8 Flag of India.png الهند[10] 429,050 23 Aug 2019[11]
9 Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية 403,100 June 2019[12]
10 Flag of Brazil.svg البرازيل 388,090 June 2019[13]
11 Flag of Singapore.svg سنغافورة 273,943 June 2019[14]
12 Flag of Thailand.svg تايلند 215,808 June 2019 [15]
13 Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا 187,401 June 2019[16]
14 Flag of Mexico.svg المكسيك 186,209 June 2019[17]
15 Flag of France.svg فرنسا 181,929 June 2019[18]
16 Flag of the United Kingdom.png المملكة المتحدة 168,206 June 2019[19]
17 Flag of Italy.svg إيطاليا 164,992 June 2019[20]
18 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg التشيك 144,937 July 2019[21]
19 إيران إيران[22] 132,600 31 December 2017[23]
20  الولايات المتحدة 128,338 30 June 2019[24]
21 Flag of Indonesia.svg اندونيسيا 123,823 July 2019[25]
22  إسرائيل 118,208 March 2019[26]
23 Flag of Poland.svg بولندا 117,801 June 2019[27]
24 Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg الإمارات العربية 115,000 31 May 2019[23]
25 ماليزيا ماليزيا 102,287 31 May 2019[28]
26 Flag of Turkey.svg تركيا 96,300 June 2019[29]
27 Flag of Canada.svg كندا 86,300 June 2019[30][31]
28 Flag of the Philippines.svg الفلپين 85,771 June 2019[32][33]
–  الاتحاد الأوروپي (ECB) 80,292 28 February 2018[34][35]
–  الاتحاد الأوروپي (ECB - Eurosystem) 857,965 28 February 2018[36][37]
29 Flag of Algeria.svg الجزائر 79,870 December 2018[38]
30 Flag of Libya.svg ليبيا 70,990 31 December 2015[23]
31 Flag of Denmark.svg الدنمارك 68,120 June 2019[39]
32 Flag of Vietnam.svg ڤيتنام 68,000 June 2019[40]
33 Flag of Peru (state).svg پيرو 66,714 June 2019
34 Flag of Argentina.svg الأرجنتين 66,399 07 August 2019
35 Flag of Norway.svg نرويج 60,230 March 2019[41]
36 Flag of Australia.svg أستراليا 58,676 31 March 2018[42]
37 Flag of Spain.svg إسپانيا 54,155 March 2016[43]
38 Flag of Iraq.svg العراق 54,060 31 December 2015[23]
39 قطر قطر 52,408 April 2019[23]
40 كولومبيا كولومبيا 51,975 31 May 2019
41 علم جنوب أفريقيا جنوب أفريقيا 51,641 December 2018[44]
42 Flag of Sweden.svg السويد 50,520 April 2019[45]
43 Flag of Nigeria.svg نيجيريا 44,940 June 2019
44 Flag of Egypt.svg مصر 44,352 June 2019
45 أذربيجان أذربيجان 44,000 March 2018[46][47][48]
46 لبنان لبنان 43,000 31 November 2017[23]
47 Flag of the Netherlands.svg هولندا 41,817 July 2019[49]
48 Flag of Romania.svg رومانيا 41,110 May 2019[50]
49 Flag of Chile.svg تشيلي 40,233 July 2019[51]
50 Flag of Kuwait.svg الكويت 33,130 31 December 2017[23]
51 بنگلادش بنگلادش 32,549 June 2019[52]
52 Flag of Hungary.svg المجر 31,367 March 2016[53]
53 كازاخستان كازاخستان 30,993 February 2018[54]
54 Flag of Belgium.svg بلجيكا 24,861 March 2016[55]
55 Flag of Austria.svg نمسا 24,758 March 2016[56]
56  بلغاريا 24,318 March 2016[23][57]
57 Flag of Angola.svg أنگولا 24,080 31 December 2015[23]
58 المملكة المغربية المملكة المغربية 23,631 Sep 2018[23][58][59]
59 Flag of New Zealand.svg نيوزيلندا 22,183 31 March 2018[60]
60 Flag of Ukraine.svg أوكرانيا 21,800 August 2019[61]
61 البرتغال البرتغال 21,328 March 2016[62]
62 قالب:MAC-CHN 19,200 Sep 2018[63]
63  أوروگواي 17,779 June 2019[64]
64 Flag of Oman.svg عُمان 16,863 28 February 2019[23]
65 الأردن الأردن 15,360 August 2017[65]
66 أوزبكستان أوزبكستان 15,000 31 December 2015[23]
67 Flag of Croatia.svg كرواتيا 14,307 February 2016[23][66]
68  گواتيمالا 14,279 June 2019[67]
69 ترکمنستان ترکمنستان 13,620 31 December 2015[23]
70 Flag of Cambodia.svg كمبوديا 12,300 May 2018[68]
71 Flag of Serbia.svg صربيا 12,150 February 2018[69]
72  كوبا 12,100 31 December 2015[23]
73 Flag of Finland.svg فنلندا 10,552 March 2018[70]
74 Flag of Nepal.svg نيبال 9,329 15 July 2018[71]
75 Flag of Kenya.svg كينيا 8,864 June 2019[72]
76 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg سريلانكا 8,590 31 Aug 2018 [73]
77 Flag of Venezuela.svg ڤنزويلا 8,527 May 2019[74]
78 Flag of Belarus.svg بلاروس 8,513 June 2019[75]
79 Flag of Myanmar.svg ميانمار 8,463 31 December 2015[23]
80 Flag of Pakistan.svg پاكستان 8,271 23 Aug 2019[76]
81 Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg ترينيداد وتوباگو 8,111 April 2018[77]
82 Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية 8,000 November 2013[78]
83 Flag of Afghanistan.svg أفغانستان 7,800 30 March 2019[79]
84 Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg كوستاريكا 7,762 30 July 2019[80]
85 Flag of Botswana.svg بتسوانا 7,546 31 December 2015[23]
86  جمهورية الدومنيكان 7,239 December 2018[81]
87  موريشيوس 7,158 June 2019
88 Flag of Paraguay.svg پاراگواي 6,864 June 2019
89 Flag of Iceland.svg آيسلندا 6,830 June 2019[82]
90 Flag of Ghana.svg غانا 6,756 December 2018[23]
91 Flag of Tunisia.svg تونس 6,714 February 2016[83]
92 Flag of Greece.svg اليونان 6,591 June 2019[84]
93 Flag of Bolivia (state).svg بوليفيا 6,103 June 2019
94 Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg البوسنة والهرسك 5,370 December 2017[85]
95 Flag of Ireland.svg أيرلندا 4,745 June 2019
96 Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg ساحل العاج 4,716 31 December 2015[23]
97  هندوراس 4,612 December 2018[86]
98 Flag of Ecuador.svg إكوادور 4,095 June 2019
99 Flag of Tanzania.svg تنزانيا 4,073 31 December 2015[23]
100 Flag of Latvia.svg لاتفيا 3,817 December 2018[58][87]
101  جورجيا 3500 june 2019[58][88][89]
102 ألبانيا ألبانيا 3,400 October 2018[23][58][90]
103  پنما 3,378 31 December 2015[23]
104 البحرين البحرين 3,373 30 June 2019[23]
105 بروناي بروناي 3,366 2015[91]
106 أوغندا أوغندا 3,338 30 june 2019[23]
107  السلڤادور 3,172 March 2016[92]
108  إثيوپيا 3,113 31 December 2015[23]
109 Flag of Zambia.svg زامبيا 2,968 31 December 2015[23]
110 Flag of Slovakia.svg سلوفاكيا 2,879 January 2016[23][93]
111 Flag of Jamaica.svg جامايكا 2,740 February 2016[23][58][94]
112 Flag of Cameroon.svg كاميرون 2,714 31 December 2015[23]
113 موزمبيق موزمبيق 2,582 31 December 2015[23]
114 Flag of Nicaragua.svg نيكاراگوا 2,520 April 2016[23][58][95]
115  شمال مقدونيا 2,480 February 2016[23][58][96]
116 Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg الكونغو 2,244 31 December 2015[23]
117  مولدوڤا 2,098 25 November 2016[97][98][99]
118 Flag of Senegal.svg سنغال 2,012 31 December 2015[23]
119  أرمنيا 2,200 June 2019[100]
120  اليمن 1,978 31 December 2015[23]
121 قرغيزستان قرغيزستان 1,944 October 2016[23][58][101][102]
122 Flag of Haiti.svg هايتى 1,919 31 December 2015[23]
123 الگابون الگابون 1,878 31 December 2015[23]
124  كوراساو 1,791 2015[91]
125 Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg پاپوا غينيا ج. 1,738 31 December 2015[23]
126 Flag of Namibia.svg ناميبيا 1,690 31 December 2015[23]
127 Flag of Lithuania.svg لتوانيا 1,227 April 2016[58][103]
128  الكونغو الديمقراطية 1,216 31 December 2015[23]
129  غينيا الإستوائية 1,205 31 December 2015[23]
130 Flag of Bhutan.svg بوتان 1,103 2015[91]
131 Flag of Luxembourg.svg لوكسمبورگ 1,077 March 2016[23][58][104]
132 Flag of Laos.svg لاوس 1,058 31 December 2015[23][91]
133 نيجر نيجر 1,039 2015[91]
134  منغوليا 1,039 October 2016[105]
135 Flag of Rwanda.svg رواندا 1,030 31 December 2015[23]
136  فيجي 919 31 December 2015[23]
137  لسوتو 904 31 December 2015[23]
138 Flag of the Bahamas.svg البهاما 896 31 December 2015[23][91]
139  كوسوڤو 890 30 September 2015[23][91][106]
140 Flag of Cyprus.svg قبرص 889 March 2016[23][58][107]
141 موريتانيا موريتانيا 874 2017[91]
142 Flag of Slovenia.svg سلوفينيا 870 April 2016[58][108]
143 Flag of Madagascar.svg مدغشقر 832 31 December 2015[23]
144  أروبا 816 2015[91]
145 سوريا سوريا 773 31 December 2015[23]
146  الجبل الأسود 734 2015[23][91]
147 بنين بنين 732 31 December 2015[23][91]
148 Flag of Malawi.svg ملاوي 693 31 December 2015[23][91]
149 Flag of Malta.svg مالطا 671 March 2016[23][58][109]
150 Flag of Barbados.svg بربادوس 658 31 December 2015[23]
151 Flag of Mali.svg مالي 624 2015[91]
152 سيراليون سيراليون 621 2015[91]
153 گويانا گويانا 601 31 December 2015[23]
154 ملديڤ ملديڤ 576 2015[23][91]
155 Flag of Togo.svg توگو 574 31 December 2015[23][91]
156 Flag of the Seychelles.svg سيشيل 555 March 2016[23][58][110]
157  إسواتيني 548 31 December 2015[23][91]
158 Flag of Liberia.svg ليبيريا 523 2015[91]
159 Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg جزر سليمان 520 2015[91]
160 Flag of Cape Verde.svg الرأس الأخضر 495 31 December 2015[23][91]
161 Flag of Estonia.svg إستونيا 494 March 2016[23][58][111]
162 طاجيكستان طاجيكستان 494 31 December 2015[23]
163 فلسطين السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية 464 March 2016[58][112]
164 Flag of East Timor.svg تيمور الشرقية 438 2015[91]
165 Flag of Belize.svg بليز 437 31 December 2015[23][91]
166 Flag of San Marino.svg سان مارينو 392 2014[91]
167 Flag of Chad.svg تشاد 383 31 December 2015[23]
168 جيبوتي جيبوتي 365 2015[91]
169 Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg أنتيگا وبربودا 356 2015[91]
170 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg زيمبابوي 339 31 December 2015[23][91]
171  بوركينا فاسو 333 31 December 2016[23]
172 غينيا بيساو غينيا بيساو 332 2015[91]
173 سورينام سورينام 330 31 December 2015[23][91]
174 Flag of Saint Lucia.svg سانت لوشيا 318 2015[91]
175 Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg سانت كيتس ونڤيس 288 2015[91]
176 Flag of Vanuatu.svg ڤانواتو 251 31 December 2016[23][91]
177 Flag of Guinea.svg غينيا 244 31 December 2016[23][91]
178  جنوب السودان 230 2015[91]
179 Flag of the Central African Republic.svg أفريقيا الوسطى 214 2015[91]
180 Flag of Eritrea.svg إرتريا 213 31 December 2016[23]
181 جزر القمر جزر القمر 201 2015[91]
182 Flag of Grenada.svg گرينادا 198 2015[91]
183 Flag of Tonga.svg تونجا 181 31 December 2016[23][91]
184 السودان السودان 167 31 December 2016[23][91]
185 Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg س. ڤنسنت والگرنادينز 165 31 December 2016[23][91]
186 Flag of Samoa.svg ساموا 139 31 December 2015[23][91]
187  ميكرونزيا 135 2015[91]
188 Flag of Burundi.svg بوروندي 100 31 December 2016[23]
189 Flag of Dominica.svg دومينيكا 100 31 December 2016[23]
190 غامبيا غامبيا 92 31 December 2016[23]
191 Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg ساو تومه وپرنسيپه 68 31 December 2016[23]
192  مونتسرات 51 31 December 2015[23]
193 الصومال الصومال 30 2014[23]


تكوين العملة من احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي

IMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis. As of Q4 2016, there are 146 reporters, consisting of IMF member countries, a number of non-member countries/economies, and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves. From Q4 2016, the data was expanded to include renminbi (RMB).[113]

Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)
(US Dollars, billions)[113]
No. Currency Q4 2016 Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018
1  USD 5,501.98 5,713.35 5,909.13 6,124.73 6,280.61 6,530.87 6,560.78 6,632.15 6,617.84
2  EUR 1,610.87 1,703.13 1,847.19 1,933.68 2,019.25 2,117.57 2,129.41 2,192.43 2,219.34
3  JPY 332.93 399.85 427.79 435.67 491.01 477.28 511.52 532.94 558.36
4  GBP 365.85 377.89 409.48 434.08 454.12 486.13 469.86 481.10 475.45
5  CAD 163.14 167.49 178.77 192.85 202.80 193.29 200.22 208.74 197.76
6  AUD 142.30 156.28 162.31 171.22 180.01 176.96 178.61 180.91 174.21
7  RMB 90.78 95.42 100.00 108.37 123.47 145.67 192.75 192.38 202.79
8  CHF 13.69 14.45 15.60 16.31 18.09 17.93 17.18 17.18 15.86
Other currencies 199.51 208.28 209.55 228.81 244.69 256.46 254.62 269.60 266.07
Unallocated Reserves 2,293.61 2,063.28 1,859.04 1,650.32 1,430.36 1,201.40 951.69 692.22 690.55
Total 10,714.68 10,899.42 11,118.86 11,296.05 11,444.41 11,603.57 11,466.63 11,399.66 11,418.24

المصادر

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