غابة ضبابية
الغابة الضبابية fog forest، وتسمى أيضاً غابة سحابية cloud forest، هي عموماً غابة مبتلة جبلية دائمة الخضرة مدارية أو تحت مدارية تتميز بغطاء من السحاب المنخفض دائم أو كثير الحدوث أو موسمي، عادة على مستوى canopy. Cloud forests often exhibit an abundance of mosses covering the ground and vegetation, in which case they are also referred to as mossy forests. Mossy forests usually develop on the saddles of mountains, where moisture introduced by settling clouds is more effectively retained.[1]
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التوزيع والمناخ
Tropical and subtropical cloud forests exist in the following countries:
- أنگولا
- الأرجنتين
- أستراليا
- Bangladesh
- بليز
- Bolivia
- البرازيل
- Brunei
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- Dominica
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Fiji
- Gabon
- Guatemala
- Guyana (Pakaraima Mountains)
- Hispaniola (Massif de la Hotte)
- Honduras
- الهند
- Indonesia
- Jamaica (Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park)[2]
- Kenya
- La Réunion (France)
- Madagascar
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Mozambique
- Myanmar
- Nicaragua
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Philippines
- Portugal (Madeira)
- Rwanda
- Samoa
- Spain (Canary Islands)
- Sri Lanka
- Tanzania
- Trinidad and Tobago
- United States (Hawaiʻi and پوِرتو ريكو)
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
Temperate cloud forests
Although far from being universally accepted as true cloud forests, several forests in temperate regions have strong similarities with tropical cloud forests. The term is further confused by occasional reference to cloud forests in tropical countries as "temperate" due to the cooler climate associated with these misty forests.
Distribution of temperate cloud forests
- الأرجنتين - Catamarca and Tucumán
- Australia - Lamington National Park (Queensland)
- Chile (Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park)
- People's Republic of China - Yunnan Plateau, mountains of southern and eastern China
- Japan - parts of Yakushima Island
- New Zealand - parts of Fiordland, Mount Taranaki and Mount Cargill, near Dunedin.
- Portugal - Azores and Madeira
- جنوب أفريقيا
- اسبانيا - Canary Islands (laurisilva)
- تايوان
- الولايات المتحدة - Redwood Coast
السمات
أهمية الغابات الضبابية
الوضع الحالي
الهامش
- ^ Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, p. 29.
- ^ Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 2008/03/26
وصلات خارجية
- Laurisilva Montane Cloud Forest in the National Park of Garajonay, Canary Islands
- Monteverde Costa Rica Cloud Forest
- Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Initiative
- National Geographic (2001), "Cloud Forests Fading in the Mist, Their Treasures Little Known"
- An Ecological Reserve in the Cloud Forest of Mindo Ecuador
- St. Elena and Rara Avis, Costa Rica - Video
- Tropical hydrology and cloud forests project
- Hydrology of tropical cloud forests project
- Cloud Forest Video - Rara Avis CR