ديوبندية

الديوبندية (پشتو وفارسية: دیو بندیcode: fa is deprecated ، أردو: دیو بندیcode: ur is deprecated ؛ بالبنغالية: দেওবন্দcode: bn is deprecated ؛ هندي: देवबन्दीcode: hi is deprecated ) هي مدرسة فكرية أسسها مجموعة من علماء الهند ونمت حتى أصبحت أكبر المعاهد الدينية العربية للأحناف في الهند. ومن أعلامها المعاصرين الشيخ أبو الحسن علي الحسني الندوي. ومن أهداف هذه المدرسة المحافظة على التعاليم الإسلامية ونشر الإسلام ومقاومة المذاهب الهدامة ومحاربة الثقافة الأجنبية والاهتمام بنشر اللغة العربية باعتبارها أداة فهم الشريعة الغراء. وترجح الديوبندية المذهب الحنفي في مجال الفقه والعقيدة الماتريدية في مجال الاعتقاد والطرق الجشتية والسهروردية والنقشبندية والقادرية والصوفية في مجال السلوك والاتباع.

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التأسيس

أسس جامعة ديوبند مجموعة من علماء الهند بعد أن قضى الإنجليز على الثورة الإسلامية في الهند عام 1857م فكان تأسيسها ردً قوي، لوقف الزحف الغربي ومدنيته المادية على شبه القارة الهندية لإنقاذ المسلمين من مخاطر هذه الظروف، خاصة وأن دلهي العاصمة قد خربت بعد الثورة، وسيطر عليها الإنجليز سيطرة كاملة. وخاف العلماء أن يبتلع دينهم، فأخذ الشيخ إمداد الله المهاجر المكي وتلميذه الشيخ محمد قاسم الناناتووي أنظر فيصلة هفت مسئلة للشيخ إمداد الله يثبت فيها مسائل ومعتقدات ينكرها الشيخ قاسم، وانظر أيضا (أنوار أحمدي)لشيخ الإسلام الحافظ محمد أنوار الله الفاروقي مريد الشيخ إمداد الله وتقريظ الشيخ إمداد الله على ما يحتويه الكتاب وثنائه عليه تجده هخالفا تماما لما صار اليه النانوتوي فيما بعد) وأصحابهم برسم الخطط للمحافظة على الإسلام وتعاليمه. فرؤوا أن الحل بإقامة المدارس الدينية، والمراكز الإسلامية. وهكذا أسست المدرسة الإسلامية العربية بديوبند كمركز للدين والشريعة في الهند في عصر حكومة الإنجليز

وقد بدأت دار العلوم بمدرسة دينية صغيرة بقرية ديوبند تأسست في 15 محرم 1283هـ الموافق 30 أيار (مايو) 1866م، ثم أصبحت من أكبر المعاهد الدينية العربية في شبه القارة الهندية.

وفي عام 1291هـ تم إنشاء البناء الخاص بالجامعة، بعد بقائها تسع سنوات بدون بناء وكانت الدروس في ساحة المسجد الصغير وفي الهواء الطلق.

أفكار ومبادئ المدرسة الديوبندية

الحركة الديوبندية
الشخصيات الرئيسة
قاسم نانتوي • رشيد گنگوهي حسين مدني • محمود حسن شبير عثماني • أشرف علي التهانوي أنور كشميري • إلياس الكندهلوي عبيد الله سندي • تثي عثماني
الهيئات الرئيسة
دار العلوم ديوبند، الهند مظاهر العلوم سهران‌پور، الهند حضراتي مدرسة، بنگلادش دار العلوم ندوة العلماء، الهند دار العلوم كراتشي، پاكستان جامعة العلوم الإسلامية، پاكستان جامعة دار العلوم زاهدان، إيران دار العلون لندن، إنگلترة دار العلوم نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة دار العلوم كندا، كندا مدرسة إنعامية، جنوب أفريقيا
الحركات
جماعة التبليغ جمعية علماء الهند جمعية علماء الإسلام حركة خاتم النبوة Sipah-e-Sahaba Lashkar-e-Jhangvi طالبان

المحافظة على التعاليم الإسلامية، والإبقاء على شوكة الإسلام وشعائره.

نشر الثقافة الإسلامية ومحاربة الثقافة الإنجليزية الغازية.

الاهتمام بنشر اللغة العربية، لأنها وسيلة الاستفادة من منابع الشريعة الإسلامية.

الجمع بين القلب والعقل وبين العلم والروحانية.

الحركات

أبرز الهيئات

الهند

پاكستان

بنگلادش

المملكة المتحدة

Dar al-Ulum al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah, Holcombe, Bury, UK - Popularly known as "Dar al-Uloom Bury," it is historically the first madrasa established in the UK, in 1975. Many of the newer madrasas are its branches, or founded by its graduates. Dar al-Ulum Bury together with the Dewsbury Madrasa have together been called the "Oxbridge of the traditional madrasa world" in the UK.^[1]
Jami'at Ta'lim al-Islam, Dewsbury, UK - The "Dewsbury Madrasa" as it is popularly known, was established in 1981 by the Tablighi Jamat. The Dewsbury Madrasa together with Dar al-Ulum Bury have together been called the "Oxbridge of the traditional madrasa world" in the UK.^[2]
Jameah Uloomul Quran, Leicester UK - This madrasa was established in Leicester in 1977 by Shaikhul-Hadith Hadrat Molana Adam Sahib DB. It has over 600 students and graduates of the Exegesis and Jurisprudence course.^[3]^[4]

جنوب أفريقيا

Darul Ulum Newcastle, Newcastle, كوازولو-ناتال - The first Deobandi madrasa in South Africa, it was founded in 1971 by Moulana Cassim Mohammed Sema.^[5]
al-Madrasah al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah, Azaadville - One of the largest and most prominent Deobandi madrasas in South Africa, it is connected with both the teachings of Maulana Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi and Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi.^[6]^[7] Since several of its graduates are Western students especially from the UK and United States, the madrasa plays an important role in shaping Islam in the West.^[8] The school is also important within South Africa as a site for activities of the Tablighi Jamaat.^[9] English textbooks from this madrasa are used in English-medium Deobandi madrasas in the West to teach the Dars-e-Nizami curriculum.^[10]
Dar al-Ulum Zakariyya, Zakariyya Park, Lenasia - One of the most prominent Deobandi madaris in South Africa, it was founded by disciples of Maulana Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi, the school's namesake.^[11] Since several of its graduates are Western students especially from the UK and United States, the madrasa plays an important role in shaping Islam in the West.^[8] The school is also important within South Africa as a site for activities of the Tablighi Jama'at.^[9]
Madrasah In'aamiyyah, Camperdown, KwaZulu-Natal - This madrasa is recognized for its Dar al-Iftaa (Department of Fatwa Research and Training) which runs the popular online fatwa service, Askimam.org.^[12]

الولايات المتحدة وكندا

متفرقات

Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran

انظر أيضاً

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الهامش

^ Mahmood, Hamid (2012). The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain (PDF). pp. 7, 17. Retrieved 9 November 2013. In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world....The need for leadership and imams increased alongside the increasing number of Mosques and in 1975 the first madrasa was established in a village called Holcombe situated near Bury – known as Dār al-'Ulūm Bury or Bury Madrasa.
^ Mahmood, Hamid (2012). The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain (PDF). pp. 7, 17. Retrieved 9 November 2013. In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world...The second madrasa to be established was that of the Tablīghī Jamā'at called 'Jāmi'at Ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury Madrasa) in Dewsbury in 1981
^ "Home". Jamemasjid.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
^ "Home". Jameah.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
^ Mohamed, Yasien (2002). "Islamic Education in South Africa" (PDF). ISIM Newsletter. 9: 30. Retrieved 11 December 2013. opportunities for studies were created locally when in 1971 the first Darul-Ulum was established in Newcastle, Kwazulu Natal. This Darul-Ulum was based on the Darsi-Nizami course from Deoband, India. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 91, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia...Mawlana Ishaq following Hamid (sic) Akhtar from Karachi (see below) adheres to the Chishtiyya Sabiriyya Imdadiyya Ashrafiyya lineage, that puts special emphasis on the legacy of Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863-1943). {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ Mohamed, Yasien (2002). "Islamic Education in South Africa" (PDF). ISIM Newsletter. 9: 30. Retrieved 11 December 2013. Less indigenous to South Africa and more in keeping with the Deobandi spirit is the Azaadville seminary, near Johannesburg, which teaches all subjects in Urdu. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^أ ^ب (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. It became clear through field research by the author that Deobandi schools in several countries increasingly rely on graduates from Azaadville and Lenasia. The two schools and their graduates are functioning as network multiplicators between Deobandi schools worldwide. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ ^أ ^ب (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. For the Tablighi Jama'at, the two schools are important switchboards for their preaching activities in South Africa, in Africa proper and around the world. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. p. 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. Especially for teaching the Deobandi curriculum of the degree course to become a religious scholar ('Alim) in the English-speaking world, books from Azaadville have become increasingly useful. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 110.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:

[1] Mahmood, Hamid (2012). The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain (PDF). pp. 7, 17. Retrieved 9 November 2013. In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world....The need for leadership and imams increased alongside the increasing number of Mosques and in 1975 the first madrasa was established in a village called Holcombe situated near Bury – known as Dār al-'Ulūm Bury or Bury Madrasa.

[2] Mahmood, Hamid (2012). The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain (PDF). pp. 7, 17. Retrieved 9 November 2013. In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world...The second madrasa to be established was that of the Tablīghī Jamā'at called 'Jāmi'at Ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury Madrasa) in Dewsbury in 1981

[jamemasjid.co.uk-3] "Home". Jamemasjid.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-12.

[4] "Home". Jameah.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-12.

[5] Mohamed, Yasien (2002). "Islamic Education in South Africa" (PDF). ISIM Newsletter. 9: 30. Retrieved 11 December 2013. opportunities for studies were created locally when in 1971 the first Darul-Ulum was established in Newcastle, Kwazulu Natal. This Darul-Ulum was based on the Darsi-Nizami course from Deoband, India. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[6] (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 91, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia...Mawlana Ishaq following Hamid (sic) Akhtar from Karachi (see below) adheres to the Chishtiyya Sabiriyya Imdadiyya Ashrafiyya lineage, that puts special emphasis on the legacy of Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863-1943). {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[7] Mohamed, Yasien (2002). "Islamic Education in South Africa" (PDF). ISIM Newsletter. 9: 30. Retrieved 11 December 2013. Less indigenous to South Africa and more in keeping with the Deobandi spirit is the Azaadville seminary, near Johannesburg, which teaches all subjects in Urdu. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Eds._85,_101-8] أ ^ب (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. It became clear through field research by the author that Deobandi schools in several countries increasingly rely on graduates from Azaadville and Lenasia. The two schools and their graduates are functioning as network multiplicators between Deobandi schools worldwide. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[zmo.de-9] أ ^ب (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. For the Tablighi Jama'at, the two schools are important switchboards for their preaching activities in South Africa, in Africa proper and around the world. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[10] (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. p. 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. Especially for teaching the Deobandi curriculum of the degree course to become a religious scholar ('Alim) in the English-speaking world, books from Azaadville have become increasingly useful. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[11] (Eds.), Abdulkader Tayob ... Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa (PDF). Münster ; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[themuslim500.com-12] S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 110.

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