أندرو بونار لو
أندرو بونار لو إنگليزية: Andrew Bonar Law سياسي بريطاني (16 سبتمبر 1858-30 أكتوبر 1923). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 23 أكتوبر 1922 إلى 22 مايو 1923. توفي بعد تركه الحكم بعدة شهور.
| المبجل أندرو بونار لو Andrew Bonar Law | |
|---|---|
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| رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة | |
| في المنصب 23 أكتوبر 1922 – 22 مايو 1923 | |
| العاهل | جورج الخامس |
| سبقه | ديڤيد لويد جورج |
| خلفه | ستانلي بالدوين |
| زعيم المعارضة | |
| في المنصب 13 نوفمبر 1911 – 25 مايو 1915 | |
| العاهل | جورج الخامس |
| رئيس الوزراء | هربرت هنري أسكويث |
| سبقه | آرثر بلفور |
| خلفه | Vacant حمل اللقب بعده سير إدوارد كارسون في 19 أكتوبر 1915 |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
| في المنصب 10 ديسمبر 1916 – 10 يناير 1919 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | ديڤيد لويد جورج |
| سبقه | Reginald McKenna |
| خلفه | أوستن تشمبرلين |
| وزير الدولة للمستعمرات | |
| في المنصب 25 مايو 1915 – 10 ديسمبر 1916 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | هربرت هنري إسكويث ديڤيد لويد جورج |
| سبقه | The Viscount Harcourt |
| خلفه | The Viscount Long |
| Lord Privy Seal | |
| في المنصب 10 يناير 1919 – 1 أبريل 1921 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | ديڤيد لويد جورج |
| سبقه | إيرل كراوفورد |
| خلفه | أوستن تشمبرلين |
| عضو البرلمان عن گلاسگو الوسطى | |
| في المنصب ديسمبر 1918 – 30 أكتوبر 1923 | |
| سبقه | John Mackintosh MacLeod |
| خلفه | وليام ألكسندر |
| عضو البرلمان عن بوتل | |
| في المنصب مارس 1911 – ديسمبر 1918 | |
| سبقه | توماس ماليسزسانديز |
| خلفه | توماس رويدن |
| عضو البرلمان عن دولويتش | |
| في المنصب مايو 1906 – ديسمبر 1910 | |
| سبقه | فردريك رثرفورد هاريس |
| خلفه | سير فردريك هول |
| عضو البرلمان عن Glasgow Blackfriars | |
| في المنصب أكتوبر 1900 – يناير 1906 | |
| سبقه | Andrew Dryburgh Provand |
| خلفه | جورج نيكول بارنز |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | 16 سبتمبر 1858 كينگستون، Colony of New Brunswick (حالياً جزء من كندا) |
| توفي | 30 أكتوبر 1923 (aged 65) 24 أوسلو گاردنز, كينگستون، لندن، المملكة المتحدة |
| المدفن | كنيسة وستمنستر |
| القومية | بريطاني |
| الحزب | المحافظ |
| الزوج | Annie Pitcairn Robley |
| الأنجال | 6 |
| الجامعة الأم | جامعة گلاسگو، المملكة المتحدة (الفصول المسائية) |
| المهنة | مصرفي |
| الدين | المشيخية[1] |
| التوقيع | 
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Law was born in the British colony of New Brunswick (now a Canadian province), the first British Prime Minister to be born outside the British Isles. He was of Scottish and Ulster Scots descent and moved to Scotland in 1870. He left school aged sixteen to work in the iron industry, becoming a wealthy man by the age of thirty. He entered the House of Commons at the 1900 general election, relatively late in life for a front-rank politician; he was made a junior minister, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade, in 1902. Law joined the Shadow Cabinet in opposition after the 1906 general election. In 1911, he was appointed a Privy Councillor, before standing for the vacant party leadership. Despite never having served in the Cabinet and despite trailing third after Walter Long and Austen Chamberlain, Law became leader when the two front-runners withdrew rather than risk a draw splitting the party.
As Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition, Law focused his attentions in favour of tariff reform and against Irish Home Rule. His campaigning helped turn Liberal attempts to pass the Third Home Rule Bill into a three-year struggle eventually halted by the start of the First World War, with much argument over the status of the six counties in Ulster which would later become Northern Ireland, four of which were predominantly Protestant.
Law first held Cabinet office as Secretary of State for the Colonies in H. H. Asquith's Coalition Government (May 1915 – December 1916). Upon Asquith's fall from power he declined to form a government, instead serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer in David Lloyd George's Coalition Government. He resigned on grounds of ill health in early-1921. In October 1922, with Lloyd George's Coalition having become unpopular with the Conservatives, he wrote a letter to the press giving only lukewarm support to the Government's actions over Chanak. After Conservative MPs voted to end the Coalition, he again became Party Leader and, this time, Prime Minister. Bonar Law won a clear majority at the 1922 general election, and his brief premiership saw negotiation with the United States over Britain's war loans. Seriously ill with throat cancer, Law resigned in May 1923, and died later that year. He was the shortest-serving Prime Minister of the twentieth century (211 days in office), and is sometimes called "The Unknown Prime Minister".
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النشأة والتعليم
He was born on 16 September 1858 in Kingston (now Rexton), New Brunswick, to Eliza Kidston Law and the Reverend James Law, a minister of the Free Church of Scotland with Scottish and Irish (mainly Ulster Scots) ancestry.[2] At the time of his birth, New Brunswick was still a separate colony, as the Canadian confederation did not occur until 1867.[2]
His mother originally wanted to name him after Robert Murray M'Cheyne, a preacher she greatly admired, but as his older brother was already called Robert, he was instead named after Andrew Bonar, a biographer of M'Cheyne. Throughout his life he was always called Bonar (rhyming with honour) by his family and close friends, never Andrew. He originally signed his name as A.B. Law, changing to A. Bonar Law in his thirties, and he was referred to as Bonar Law by the public as well.[3]
 Bonar Law's home in New Brunswick where he lived until the age of twelve. The house overlooks the Richibucto River |
اصلاح التعريفات
زعيم حزب المحافظين
المزيد من اصلاح التعريفات
الحرب العالمية الأولى
بعد الحرب ورئاسته الوزراء
الاستقالة والوفاة
حكومة بونار لو، أكتوبر 1922 – مايو 1923
For a full list of Ministerial office holders, see Conservative Government 1922-1924
- أندرو بونار لو – Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
- Lord Cave – Lord Chancellor
- Lord Salisbury – Lord President of the Council and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
- Stanley Baldwin – Chancellor of the Exchequer
- William Clive Bridgeman – Secretary of State for the Home Department
- Lord Curzon of Kedleston – Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Leader of the House of Lords
- The Duke of Devonshire – Secretary of State for the Colonies
- Lord Derby – Secretary of State for War
- Lord Peel – Secretary of State for India
- Lord Novar – Secretary for Scotland
- Leo Amery – First Lord of the Admiralty
- Sir Philip Lloyd-Greame – President of the Board of Trade
- Sir Robert Sanders – Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
- Edward Frederick Lindley Wood – President of the Board of Education
- Sir Montague Barlow – Minister of Labour
- Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen – Minister of Health
الهامش
- ^ A. J. P. Taylor, English History, 1914–1945 (Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 204.
- ^ أ ب R.J.Q. Adams (1999) p. 3
- ^ Adams (1999) p. 4
وصلات خارجية
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Andrew Bonar Law
- More about Andrew Bonar Law on the Downing Street website.
- The Bonar Law Papers at the UK Parliamentary Archives
- 1903 illustrated article with photo of Bonar Law
- پورتريهات Andrew Bonar Law في معرض الپورتريه الوطني، لندن
- Archival material relating to أندرو بونار لو listed at the UK National Register of Archives