المعرفة

أحمد نجدت سزر

أحمد نجدت سزر (Ahmet Necdet Sezer ؛ تُنطق [ahmet nedʒdet ˈsezæɾ]؛ وُلِد 13 سبتمبر 1941) هو سياسي تركي كان الرئيس العاشر لتركيا، من سنة 2000 إلى 2007. وقبل ذلك كان رئيس المحكمة الدستورية من 1998 إلى 2000. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey elected Sezer as President in 2000 after Süleyman Demirel's seven-year term expired. He was succeeded by عبد الله گل في 2007.

His Excellency

Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Ahmet Necdet Sezer.jpg
10th رئيس تركيا
في المنصب
16 مايو 2000 – 28 أغسطس 2007
رئيس الوزراء
سبقهسليمان دميرل
خلـَفهعبد الله گل
رئيس المحكمة الدستورية
في المنصب
6 يناير 1998 – 5 مايو 2000
سبقهYekta Güngör Özden
خلـَفهمصطفى بومين
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد13 سبتمبر 1941 (العمر 82 سنة)
أفيون قرة حصار، تركيا
الحزبمستقل
الزوجسمراء سزر
الأنجال3
المدرسة الأمكلية الحقوق، جامعة أنقرة
المهنةقاضي
التوقيع

Following his legal career, Sezer became a candidate for the Presidency jointly supported by many political parties in Parliament. Following the 2000 presidential election, he took an ardent secularist approach on issues such as the headscarf and held the view that secularism in Turkey was under threat. A quarrel between Sezer and the Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit in 2001 led to a financial meltdown, attributed to the weakness of the coalition government as well as the existence of a large amount of debt to the International Monetary Fund.

The landslide victory of the conservative Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the 2002 general election resulted in strong opposition from President Sezer, who vetoed several laws and referred some to the Constitutional Court. These included laws on banking reform and the lifting of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's political ban. During receptions at the presidential palace, Sezer refused to allow women wearing the headscarf to attend per the laws on separation of mosque and state at the time, resulting in the wives of Abdullah Gül and Erdoğan, Hayrünnisa Gül and Emine Erdoğan respectively, not attending the events. Erdoğan later publicly stated that he had 'suffered a lot' from Sezer.[1]

During the 2014 presidential election, Sezer openly refused to vote, citing the lack of a secularist candidate as his reason.[2]

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الرئاسة (2000–2007)

 
في طهران مع محمد خاتمي
 
Sezer with Vladimir Putin, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Nursultan Nazarbayev
 
Sezer and his spouse (far right) with Vladimir Putin and his spouse

He was elected president in May 2000, becoming Turkey's first head of state to come from a judicial background. He was sworn in on May 16, 2000. His term was to expire on May 16, 2007, but because the Grand National Assembly of Turkey failed to elect a new president, he retained the office pro tempore until August 28, 2007 (the Constitution of Turkey states that a president's term of office is extended until a successor is elected).

On February 21, 2001, during a quarrel in a National Security Council meeting, he threw the constitutional code book at the Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit. According to some circles, this falling-out was the main obvious reason for "Black Wednesday", a big economic crisis. Others claimed that the rapid reforms for the accession negotiations with the European Union and strong ties with the International Monetary Fund caused the "Black Wednesday" crisis.[3]

Sezer was a firm defender of secularism in Turkey, which was a point of contention between him and the ruling AKP party on many issues. On many occasions, he openly stated that the secular regime in Turkey was under threat.[4] He believes that Islam does not require women to wear headscarves. Sezer went so far as to exclude from official receptions at the Presidential Palace legislators' wives who wore headscarves.[5]

During his presidency, he pardoned 260 convicted felons, 202 of whom were captured leftist militants.[6][7][8] This type of pardon can be requested directly by the felon or the legal representative of the felon, but no political or court referral is necessary. Some organizations have used such pardons to criticize Sezer's presidency. On the other hand, Sezer also enacted new harsh laws to punish people who are connected with terrorism.[9]


الأوسمة

Ribbon الوسام البلد التاريخ المدينة ملاحظة المصدر
  Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana   إستونيا &0000000020020418000000 18 April 2002 Tallinn The Terra Mariana Engagement is one of the highest marks given by the Estonian President. [10]

المراجع

  1. ^ TE Bilisim - Abdullah Tekin. "Başbakan: Ahmet Necdet Sezer'den çok çektim". haberpopuler.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  2. ^ "Sezer'den şok karar! Oy vermedi!". Haber7. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  3. ^ "IMF Stopped Central Bank From Giving Liquidity in 2001, said Erçel". Referans. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Turk President Says Secular System in Danger". The Scotsman. Scotsman News. Retrieved 2007-08-30.[dead link]
  5. ^ "Turkey's Turmoil". Economist. May 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
  6. ^ "List of Sezer Amnesty Recipients Terror-Based". Dialoghaber. Archived from the original on November 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-04. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Group Profile, DHKP/C". MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2007-09-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "U.S. Warns of Rising Terror Threat to Westerners Throughout Turkey". World Tribune. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-09-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Turkish President Signs Controversial Anti-terror Bill Subject to Court Review". Jurist, Legal News & Research. Archived from the original on 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2007-08-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Sezer: 2002 sonuna kadar AB ile müzakere tarihi bekliyoruz". NTV.com.tr. 19 April 2002. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

وصلات خارجية

مناصب قانونية
سبقه
Yekta Güngör Özden 		President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey
January 6, 1998 – May 5, 2000 		تبعه
Mustafa Bumin
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Süleyman Demirel 		President of Turkey
May 16, 2000 – August 28, 2007 		تبعه
Abdullah Gül
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