أتول ميدواي
أتول ميدواي Midway Atoll (
/ˈmɪdweɪ/; تسمى أيضاً جزيرة ميدواي and جزر ميدواي; هاواي: Pihemanu Kauihelani)
is a 2.4-square-mile (6.2 km2) هي جزيرة مرجانية في شمال المحيط الهادئ، قرب نهاية الشمال الغربي من أرخبيل هاواي، تقريباً عند ثلث الطريق بين هونولولو، بين هاواي، و طوكيو، اليابان. وهي فريدة من نوعها بين جزر هاواي، في منتصف الطريق يلاحظ UTC-11 (المعروف أيضا باسم توقيت ساموا)، إحدى عشرة ساعة قبل حسب التوقيت العالمي وساعة واحدة بعد the state of Hawaiʻi. Midway Atoll is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of الولايات المتحدة، and the former home of the Midway Naval Air Station (former ICAO PMDY). It is less than 140 nautical miles (259 km; 161 mi) east of the International Date Line, about 2,800 nautical miles (5,200 km; 3,200 mi) west of San Francisco, and 2,200 nautical miles (4,100 km; 2,500 mi) east of Tokyo. It consists of a ring-shaped barrier reef and several sand islets. The two significant pieces of land, Sand Island and Eastern Island, are habitat for millions of seabirds. The island sizes are shown here:
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
Midway Islands | |
|---|---|
Island | |
 Flag | |
| النشيد: "The Star-Spangled Banner" | |
 Satellite image of Midway Atoll | |
  Unincorporated U.S. Territory The Midway Atoll on the map  Unincorporated U.S. Territory Unincorporated U.S. Territory (المحيط الهادي) | |
| الإحداثيات: 28°12′N 177°21′W / 28.200°N 177.350°WCoordinates: 28°12′N 177°21′W / 28.200°N 177.350°W | |
| Country |  الولايات المتحدة |
| Country subdivision | United States Minor Outlying Islands |
| Claimed by U.S | August 28, 1867 |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 25٫6 ميل² (66٫3 كم²) |
| • البر | 2٫4 ميل² (6٫2 كم²) |
| • Lagoon | 23٫2 ميل² (60٫1 كم²) |
| التعداد (2010) | |
| • الإجمالي | 0 |
| • Estimate (2018) | 40 |
| • الكثافة | 0�0/sq mi (0�0/km2) |
| منطقة التوقيت | Samoa Time (UTC−11:00) |
| Island | acres | hectares |
|---|---|---|
| Sand Island | 1,200 | 486 |
| Eastern Island | 334 | 135 |
| Spit Island | 6 | 2 |
| Midway Atoll | 1,540 | 623 |
| Lagoon | 14,800 | 6,000 |
According to other sources, Sand Island measures 1,250 acres (510 ha) in area and the lagoon within the fringing rim of coral reef 9,900 acres (4,000 ha). The atoll, which has a small population (approximately 60 in 2009, but no indigenous inhabitants), is designated an insular area under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, encompassing 590,991.50 acres (239,165.77 ha)[1] of land and water (mostly water) in the surrounding area, is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The visitor program reopened in January 2008 and there are facilities for visitors. Travel to the Atoll is possible through organized tour companies or as a FWS volunteer.[2][3] The tours focus on the ecology of Midway and the military history. The economy is derived solely from governmental sources and tourist fees. All food and manufactured goods are imported. The refuge and most of its surrounding area are part of the larger Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
Midway, as its name suggests, lies nearly halfway between North America and Asia, and almost halfway around the world from Greenwich, England. For statistical purposes, Midway is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands.
Midway was the focus point of the Battle of Midway, one of the most important naval battles of the Pacific Campaign in الحرب العالمية الثانية, fought on June 4–6, 1942. Nearby the islands, the United States Navy defeated a Japanese attack against the Midway Islands, marking a turning point in the war in the Pacific Theater.
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الجغرافيا والجيولوجيا
التاريخ
القرن 19
_in_May_2008_with_cocos_nucifera.jpg)
أوائل القرن 20
الحرب العالمية الثانية
.jpg) Burning oil tanks during the Battle of Midway | |
| الموقع | Sand Island, Midway Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands |
|---|---|
| بُنيَ | 1941 |
| المعماري | United States Navy |
| NRHP reference No. | خطأ لوا: invalid capture index %2 in replacement string. |
| تواريخ بارزة | |
| أضيف إلى NRHP | May 28, 1987[4] [5] |
| Designated NHLD | May 28, 1987[6] |
الحرب الڤيتنامية-الكورية
| التعداد التاريخي | ||
|---|---|---|
| السنة | تعداد | ±% |
| 1970 | 2٬220 | — |
| 1980 | 453 | −79.6% |
| 1990 | 13 | −97.1% |
| 2000 | 4 | −69.2% |
| 2010 | 0 | −100.0% |
اختصاص المدنية
.svg)
الرحلة دلتا ايرلاينز 277
الحياة البرية
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القضايا البيئية
Marine debris
التسمم بالرصاص
تسونامي 2011
النقل
انظر أيضاً
- The Wrecker is an 1892 novel by Robert Louis Stevenson set on Midway (called "Middle Brooks and Lower Brooks Island").
هوامش
- ^ USFWS Lands Report, 30 September 2007
- ^ FWS Website, Visiting Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, 30 January 2011
- ^ FWS Website, Volunteer at Midway Atoll NWR, 30 January 2011
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. أبريل 15, 2008.
- ^ NHL designations
- ^ أ ب "World War II Facilities at Midway". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
خطأ استشهاد: الوسم <ref> ذو الاسم "FWSbirds" المُعرّف في <references> غير مستخدم في النص السابق.
<ref> ذو الاسم "FWSmarine" المُعرّف في <references> غير مستخدم في النص السابق.المصادر
- Ladd, H. S.; Tracey, J. I., Jr.; Gross, M. G. (1967). "Drilling on Midway Atoll, Hawaii". Science. 156 (3778): 1088–1095. doi:10.1126/science.156.3778.1088.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Also reprinted here.
وصلات خارجية
 | الوصلات الخارجية في هذه المقالة قد لا تتبع سياسات المحتوى أو الإرشادات. من فضلك حسـِّن هذه المقالة بإزالة الوصلات الخارجية الزائدة أو غير المناسبة. |
- Satellite Map and NOAA Chart of Midway on BlooSee
- AirNav - Henderson Field Airport : Airport facilities and navigational aids.
- Diary from the middle of nowhere BBC's environment correspondent David Shukman reports on the threat of plastic rubbish drifting in the North Pacific Gyre to Midway. Accessed 2008-03-26.
- أتول ميدواي travel guide from Wikitravel
- Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (this article incorporated some content from this public domain site)
- NOAA Midway Island Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care & Release Project
- The Battle of Midway: Turning the Tide in the Pacific, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
- Marines at Midway: by Lieutenant Colonel R.D. Heinl, Jr., USMC Historical Section, Division of Public Information Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps 1948,
- Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- Past residents of Midway Discussion of Midway related topics by former residents and those interested in Midway.
- U.S. Unincorporated Possessions. Accessed 2008-03-26.